PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 7743800

Adenovirus epithelial keratitis.

J Chodosh·D Miller·W G Stroop·S C Pflugfelder
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The authors sought to determine whether adenovirus could infect human corneal epithelium in vivo. They reviewed the medical records of six patients with adenovirus-positive viral corneal cultures who were examined at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between March 21, 1986, and December 31, 1992. The six patients with adenovirus-positive viral corneal cultures included one patient with dendritic epithelial keratitis, one with geographic epithelial ulceration, three with both geographic ulceration and contiguous dendrites, and one with heaped-up corneal epithelium but no ulceration. Four patients had rose bengal solution applied to their ocular surface, and in all four patients rose bengal uptake was seen at the epithelial edges of the dendrite or geographic ulceration in a manner characteristic of herpes simplex viral keratitis. Serotype determination of the isolates showed adenovirus type 3 (one patient), type 8 (three patients), type 19 (one patient), and indeterminate (one patient). Results of monoclonal antibody staining of cultures against herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2) antigens was negative for all six cases. Adenovirus epithelial keratitis may result from infection of human corneal epithelium by the virus and rarely may mimic infection of corneal epithelium by herpes simplex virus.

Explore related subjects

Adenovirus Infections, HumanAdenoviruses, HumanAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCells, CulturedChildCorneaCorneal UlcerEpitheliumEye Infections, ViralFemaleHumansKeratitisKeratoconjunctivitisMaleRetrospective StudiesCase ReportsJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

J Chodosh, D Miller, W G Stroop, S C Pflugfelder. 1995. Adenovirus epithelial keratitis.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7743800/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2007

Anti-adenoviral effect of anti-HIV agents in vitro in serotypes inducing keratoconjunctivitis.

BACKGROUND: Around one million people are affected by adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis a year in Japan, and it is recognized as one of the major pathogens of ophthalmological nosocomial infection worldwide. Although cidofovir can be used systemically for immunocompromised patients with disseminated adenoviral infection, no specific anti-adenoviral agent has been established for the treatment of adenoviral infection. We evaluated the anti-adenoviral effect of anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) agents in this study. METHODS: Five anti-HIV agents (zalcitabine, stavudine, nevirapine, indinavir and amprenavir) were subjected to in vitro evaluation. A549 cells were used for viral cell culture, and adenovirus serotypes 3, 4, 8, 19 and 37 were used. After calculating CC(50) (50% cytotoxic concentration) of each agent by MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) method, we cultured adenovirus with the agents for seven days and quantitatively measured extracted adenoviral DNA by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Among the anti-HIV drugs, zalcitabine and stavudine, both nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, showed significant anti-adenoviral activity. In contrast, nevirapine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and indinavir and amprenavir, which are both protease inhibitors, were ineffective against adenovirus. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that zalcitabine and stavudine are possible candidates for the local and systemic treatment of adenoviral infection, and the anti-adenoviral effect might depend on the pharmacological properties of anti-HIV agents. The chemical properties on the clinical safety for systemic and local application need to be determined in order to for these drugs to be accepted for the treatment of adenovirus in clinical settings.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed2007

Quantitative detection and rapid identification of human adenoviruses.

We have established a method of quantitative detection and rapid identification of human adenoviruses (hAdVs). Using LightCycler PCR with a primer set, we were able to amplify 554 bp of the hexon gene from each of 51 prototype strains of hAdVs. The sensitivity of LightCycler PCR was 10 copies of hAdV DNA/reaction. When LightCycler PCR was performed using a set of primers, hAdV was positive for 74.4% (99 of 133) of conjunctivitis patients and for 27.3% (81 of 297) of respiratory infection patients. We also attempted to measure hAdV in the potentially contaminated eye drops used by patients, detecting 5.4 x 10(2) to 1.6 x 10(6) copies/ml of hAdV. We determined the 350-bp nucleotide sequence of the amplified hexon gene and compared it with the sequences of the 51 prototype strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on 350 bp of the hexon gene identified 99 positive conjunctival swabs as 24 cases of AdV type 3 (AdV-3), 14 cases of AdV-4, 1 case of AdV-8, 19 cases of AdV-19a, and 41 cases of AdV-37. The 81 sequences from pharyngeal or nasal mucus swabs were identified as 29 cases of AdV-2, 18 cases of AdV-1, 18 cases of AdV-5, 12 cases of AdV-4, 2 cases of AdV-37, 1 case of AdV-3, and 1 case of AdV-6. LightCycler PCR followed by phylogenetic analysis provides an effective tool for the rapid identification of hAdVs and for studying molecular epidemiology.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed2007

1. COPD pathogenesis from the viewpoint of risk factors.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible airflow limitation in the lungs. Smoking is one of the amongst major risk factors for the development of COPD. Environmental pollution, age, and airway hyperreactivity are also the risk factors. The protease-antiprotease imbalance and the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance cause airway inflammation and destruction. The genes related to these balances may contribute to development of COPD pathology. Candidate gene-association studies and linkage analyses have been reported for COPD patients. The alpha-1 antitrypsin, glutathione S-transferase, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, and matrix metalloproteinase, are candidate genes. In acquired factors for COPD pathology, the adenoviral latent infection may enhance airway inflammation, leading to airflow obstruction. The current progress and future visions of genetic predisposition of COPD are discussed.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗