PubMed · 7755983
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1995. Cytoskeleton.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7755983/
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This review discusses molecular motors that use the microfilament and microtubule cytoskeletal systems in filamentous fungi. There has been an explosion in our knowledge of kinesins over the past year, because of the integration of genetic and biochemical data. The recognition of possible interactions between septation genes and cytokinesis has also advanced our understanding of microfilament-based cytoskeletal systems. We review recent findings on microfilament motors, including conventional and unconventional myosins, and the microtubule motors of the kinesin family and cytoplasmic dynein. The roles that these molecules play in hyphal morphogenesis and organelle transport provide an insight into cytoskeletal-based transport systems.
The three-dimensional intracellular network formed by the filamentous polymers comprising the cytoskeletal affects the way cells sense their extracellular environment and respond to stimuli. Because the cytoskeleton is viscoelastic, it provides a continuous mechanical coupling throughout the cell that changes as the cytoskeleton remodels. Such mechanical effects, based on network formation, can influence ion channel activity at the plasma membrane of cells and may conduct mechanical stresses from the cell membrane to internal organelles. As a result, both rapid responses such as changes in intracellular Ca2+ and slower responses such as gene transcription or the onset of apoptosis can be elicited or modulated by mechanical perturbations. In addition to mechanical features, the cytoskeleton also provides a large negatively charged surface on which many signaling molecules including protein and lipid kinases, phospholipases, and GTPases localize in response to activation of specific transmembrane receptors. The resulting spatial localization and concomitant change in enzymatic activity can alter the magnitude and limit the range of intracellular signaling events.