PubMed · 7838013
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R G Goldie, K M Lulich, J W Paterson. 1995-01-16. Bronchodilators: beta-agonists.. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb138446.x
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While antibiotics are broadly used in dental and medical therapy, little attention has been directed towards the potential toxic side effects of antibiotics on tissue regeneration. Here we examined the effect of a quinolone antibiotic, pefloxacin (Rhone Poulenc) on rat parotid gland responses to chronic isoproterenol treatment. Groups of rats received injections of isoproterenol to induce glandular growth, saline (controls), pefloxacin, or isoproterenol and pefloxacin in combination. Parotid gland weight decreased significantly after pefloxacin treatment for 7 days as well as inhibiting glandular enlargement provoked by isoproterenol. The same trend was observed for the rates of DNA synthesis, with the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine in isoproterenol/pefloxacin-treated rats reduced to 49% of isoproterenol treatment alone levels. Saline-treated animals were 42% of the rate of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA observed in isoproterenol treated rats. While isoproterenol treatment increased steady-state mRNA levels for fos, jun, myc, src, c-erbB-2, ras and topo II, inclusion of pefloxacin with the isoproterenol regimen blocked these increases. Pefloxacin treatment by itself did not alter proto-oncogene mRNA levels in the parotid gland. Glandular amylase activity was decreased in the pefloxacin treated group, while the combination of isoproterenol with pefloxacin did not decrease glandular amylase levels to the extent of that observed with beta-agonist treatment alone. In acute experiments, pefloxacin significantly decreased the volume of saliva secreted by the parotid gland. These results suggest that quinolone-based antibiotics disturb the secretory function of the parotid gland and can inhibit cell proliferation and regeneration.
Arbutamine is a new beta-adrenergic agonist with potent chronotropic and inotropic properties developed to pharmacologically induce stress. A prospective trial was conducted in five centers with a total enrolment of 45 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. The primary purpose of the trial was to compare the efficacy of arbutamine with symptom-limited exercise in provoking clinical (angina), electrocardiographic (> or = 0.1 mV ST depression) and echocardiographic (induced wall motion abnormality) evidence of transient stress-induced ischemia. The secondary purpose was to assess the safety of arbutamine in patients with coronary artery disease. Ischemia was induced at a lower heart rate, systolic blood pressure and pressure-rate product during arbutamine infusion than during exercise. Using angina and/or electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia, arbutamine was more sensitive than exercise in detecting myocardial ischemia (77 vs. 58%, P = 0.021). Using echocardiography, the sensitivity for inducing wall motion abnormalities was 88% with arbutamine and 79% with exercise (P = not significant). Echocardiography in combination with angina and/or electrocardiographic evidence increased the sensitivity to 94% using arbutamine and to 88% with exercise. For the patients with multivessel disease, the sensitivity was 97% and 91%, respectively. No serious adverse events, either cardiac or noncardiac, were associated with arbutamine, and no patient had prolonged ischemia. Although exercise is the preferred method of stress for patients who are able to exercise adequately, arbutamine is at least as sensitive as exercise for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia, and appears to be a safe and effective alternative to exercise testing in patients unable to exercise adequately.
In all EU member states, the use in livestock farming of certain substances having a hormonal action is prohibited. Clenbuterol, the beta-adrenergic agonist, has some growth promoting characteristics. Screening for clenbuterol can be carried out by an immunoassay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is very valuable for confirmatory purposes. In full scan MS it is impossible to fulfil the EU criteria of four diagnostic ions with one single ionisation mode. Some alternative possibilities are: (1) the use of two different ionisation modes, (2) the use of different derivatization methods or (3) the use of tandem MS. Each derivatisation or ionisation mode on its own did not give a sufficient number of ions. By combining these different possibilities we were able to obtain four ions, fulfilling the EU criteria.