PubMed · 7842330
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Q J Shen. 1994. [Affective disorder: clinical and basic study].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7842330/
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Psychoses in late life are a diagnostic challenge because of disagreement over how these entities should be classified. The main diagnostic categories of late-life psychoses include dementia with psychotic symptoms, late-onset schizophrenia, delusional disorder, early-onset psychotic disorders extending through late life, late-onset mood disorders, psychotic disorders caused by medical conditions or medications, and delirium. First onset of psychotic symptoms in late life is commonly associated with identifiable structural brain abnormalities and reflects underlying brain pathology. We reviewed the available literature on late-life psychotic manifestations, focusing on diagnostic classification and treatment approaches. Antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for these conditions, but should be used cautiously in elderly patients because of their increased sensitivity to side effects. Overall, appropriate research data on the effectiveness of various antipsychotic agents for late-life psychotic conditions are lacking. Non-antipsychotic psychotropic medications may be of value in managing some of these conditions.
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The article presents a brief review of therapies of the affective disorders. Two basic approaches are used: psychotherapeutic and biological, which comprises mainly pharmacotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy. The treatment may be divided into 3 stages as concerns the time course: acute treatment, continuation treatment, prophylactic treatment. Therapeutic strategies for depressive episode, recurrent depressive disorder, manic episode, bipolar affective disorder, dysthymia and cyclothymia are mentioned in the text.