PubMed · 7854742
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E T Eggland. 1994. Avoiding abbreviation errors.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199409000-00014
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The systematic evaluation of the patient in the ED is a principal objective. Clinicians should try to maintain the patient's hemodynamic and metabolic stability. The available resources should be used appropriately to obtain an early diagnosis and definitive management. The mnemonic name MMexico is easy to use, simple to memorize, and bilingual. It can be applied as a new method in the evaluation of patients in ED.
To determine predictors of cognitive deterioration, the authors performed baseline and 1- to 5-year follow-up (mean +/- SD = 2.5 +/- 1.2 years) neuropsychological assessments on 36 persons (mean age +/- SD = 62.1 +/- 8.0; range = 50 to 81 years) with age-associated memory impairment. Subjects were recruited from a larger group of volunteers, had minimal medical comorbidity, and 25 of them had a family history of Alzheimer's disease. Baseline age and a subjective memory measure indicating reported frequency of mnemonics usage were significant decline predictors. Subjects reporting more frequent mnemonics use at baseline were more likely to show objective cognitive decline at follow-up. Baseline full-scale IQ, educational level, and family history of Alzheimer's disease failed to predict decline. These findings suggest that although age is the strongest decline predictor in some people with age-associated memory impairment, self-perception of memory function may also predict subsequent cognitive loss.
BACKGROUND: It has been shown that when patients are unable to express all their major concerns, they are less likely to follow the physician's prescribed treatment plan and they are less satisfied. On the other hand, the GP has a limited amount of time to elicit all the appropriate information and must ask certain questions about the biological aspects of the illness in order to carry out her professional responsibilities. By acting in a patient-centred way, first enabling the patient to express himself, the GP can make maximum use of patients' ability for problem formulation and solution. METHODS: We describe a model, for which the mnemonic, P-R-A-C-T-I-C-A-L, will help the practitioner to remember its nine steps. The model uses a chronological succession of strategies during the consultation that balances the voices of medicine and the lifeworld. In overview, the GP takes the patient, step by step, first through an exploration and clarification of his views of the illness, then expands the problem by further examination (e.g. the physical examination), a negotiation about the final model of the illness that includes both diagnosis and management, a discussion of the treatment plan, and finally a moment of reflection to prepare for the next visit.