PubMed · 7872978
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F Cohadon. 1994. Brain protection.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6648-2_3
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OBJECTIVE: To determine if the calculated anion gap differs according to presence or absence of hypertension in pregnant women. METHODS: Retrospective data were obtained for 1223 patients who delivered at a community hospital during a 6-month period. Fifty-six (4.6%) of these patients were considered to have proteinuric hypertension, 66 (5.4%) to have non-proteinuric hypertension, and 1101 (90%) to be normotensive. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare these groups with respect to the anion gap and serum sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. RESULTS: Compared with the other two groups, proteinuric hypertensive patients tended to have lower values for serum sodium (P < .005) and the anion gap (P < .005). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to serum chloride or bicarbonate. CONCLUSION: The anion gap appears to be smaller with proteinuric hypertension than it is without.
OBJECTIVE: To compare foetal electrocardiogram (T/QRS ratio) and cardiotocography (CTG) during the second stage of labour with lactate and acid-base balance in cord artery blood at delivery. DESIGN: Forty-six parturients delivered at the National University of Singapore were monitored during the second stage of labour with T/QRS ratios and CTG. At delivery blood from a segment of clamped cord was sampled for lactate and acid-base balance analyses. The Spearman Rank correlation, the Mann Whitney U-test and the Kruskal Wallis ANOVA were used when appropriate. RESULTS: Maternal pushing time was significantly correlated to lactate (R = 0.51; P = 0.0003), pH (R = -0.38; P = 0.009) and base deficit (R = 0.33; P = 0.026), but not to T/QRS ratio (R = 0.002; P = 0.99). No significant correlation between lactate and T/QRS ratios (R = 0.06; P = 0.70) or type of CTG pattern was found (P = 0.10), though there were significant differences in pH (P = 0.029) and T/QRS ratios (P = 0.037) between groups with different FHR abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Lactate increases progressively with maternal pushing time. No significant correlation was found between lactate and the T/QRS ratio. Lack of correlation is likely to be due to poor sensitivity of foetal ECG at this level of foetal stress, though the influence from transplacentally transferred maternal lactate cannot be excluded.
The administration of 41 of an isotonic, plasma-like oral rehydration solution (ORS) with an osmotic skeleton and 41 of water (water; no osmotic skeleton), were evaluated in five thoroughbred horses. Solutions were administered by nasogastric tube 4 h after feeding. Uptake of deuterium, concentrations of plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, total protein and packed cell volume, pH, PCO2, HCO3-, total CO2, actual base excess, standard base excess, plasma volume and weight loss were assessed both at rest, and during and after exercise on a treadmill. Each horse underwent four experimental sessions (water-resting; ORS-resting; water-exercise; ORS-exercise). There was an indication of uptake of both water and ORS by 10 min post-administration. Based on the appearance of deuterium in plasma, there was no significant difference in the rate of uptake of water or ORS at rest, although there was a trend for the uptake of ORS to be slower than water during the exercise session. The mean decrease in total protein (TP, 3.0 g l-1) and the increase in plasma volume (PV, 4.6 ml kg-1) after administration of ORS at rest was greater (P < 0.05) than that of water (TP, 1.3 g l-1 and PV, -1.2 ml kg-1). There was no significant difference in TP or PV following administration of water or ORS during the exercise treatment. Exercise had little effect on plasma sodium concentration. The results confirmed that administration of 41 of isotonic, plasma-like ORS provided a much more distinct and durable contribution to the maintenance of plasma volume and circulation than administration of an equal amount of water at rest. Subsequent exercise may, however, mask some of the effects observed at rest.