PubMed · 7883480
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L R Squire. 1994. Memory and forgetting: long-term and gradual changes in memory storage.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7883480/
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Conventional wisdom, and even well-reasoned theoretical mechanisms, suggests that the chronic use of psychoactive substances would impair cognitive functioning of individuals. This article summarizes the research literature with regard to specific drugs of abuse. Undoubtedly, acute intoxication and immediate and protracted withdrawal produce transient alterations of cognitions that can persist for weeks to months. Some subtle residual effects remain for up to 1 year for certain drugs. Evidence of irreversible effects is less clear. Even subtle lingering effects can impact treatment efforts, yet they often go undetected or unaddressed.
As a drug, alcohol has grave bio-psychosocial effects on patients, their families and society in general. It is very important that clinicians be able to recognise, admit and thoroughly treat alcoholism. Subsequent to the indicated treatment of intoxication and withdrawal, the clinician should outline sound incentives (external initially, becoming internal in time) for rehabilitation and continued sobriety. A variety of alcohol-induced medical and psychiatric disorders should be recognised by doctors, and should be treated or referred appropriately. The multidisciplinary team should be involved, and doctors should not hesitate to seek help and advice. Alcoholism is potentially quite treatable.