PubMed · 7905155
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1994-02-05. Free AIDS database.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7905155/
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Sequences of the HIV-2 envelope C2-C3 region were obtained after direct PCR amplification of proviral DNA from the brain and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an HIV-2-infected AIDS patient. Tissue-specific sequences confirmed previous observations that HIV-2 is indeed present in the central nervous system of infected individuals. Distinct but related quasi-species were present in these two different tissues of the same individual. Residues at position 18 and 19 of the V3 loop and overall charge of the loop suggest that the brain virus was NSI/macrophage tropic; whereas the sequences from the two blood samples were indicative of a SI/T-cell tropic virus. This is the first description of these two genotypes in the same HIV-2-infected individual. Analysis of more samples from different compartments would help to better understand tissue-specific factors in quasi-species evolution in vivo.
This article compares the characteristics of women and heterosexual men with AIDS in New York City. The analysis was performed using the New York City AIDS Surveillance Database, namely, those 37,002 persons diagnosed from 1984 to 1993 between ages 15 and 64, excluding men who report sex with other men as their sole risk behavior. The median age at diagnosis was 34 years for women with heterosexually acquired disease, 36 years for women with a history of injection drug use, and 39 years for men, most of whom used injection drugs (p < 0.001). The proportion of women and the rate of increase of this proportion were greater among younger AIDS cases. By 1993 women comprised the majority of cases under age 30, and most of these young women had heterosexually acquired disease. For each decrease in 5-year age group under age 45, the odds of a case being a woman increased by 30% (95% confidence interval = 27, 33%) after adjustment for year. CD4 cell count reporting, and race/ethnicity. There was a somewhat greater youth-gender effect among black persons with AIDS (6% additional increase for each decrease in age group; 95% confidence interval = 3, 10%). Therefore, women are overrepresented among younger persons with AIDS, particularly persons of color. They are largely infected through heterosexual contact with men who have used intravenous drugs.
The association between early virologic and immunologic events after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and progression of HIV-1 infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was studied among 59 homosexual men with documented time of seroconversion. Epidemiologic factors, such as number of lifetime sexual partners, history of sexually transmitted diseases, and other factors, also were studied. All 17 seroconverters in the cohort who developed AIDS within 3 years (rapid progressors = RPs) were compared with 42 men without AIDS for at least 6 years seroconversion (nonrapid progressors = non-RPs). Plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA, p24 antigen, antibodies to HIV-1 structural genes, beta-2 microglobulin, neopterin, and interferon-alpha were measured at four time points: (a) the last seronegative visit, (b) the first seropositive visit, (c) the visit closest to AIDS (or the corresponding visit for the non-RPs) and (d) 6 years after seroconversion (for non-RPs). Up to seroconversion, the RPs had a significantly higher number of lifetime sexual partners than non-RPs (503 versus 171, respectively). At the first seropositive visit, RPs had significantly higher concentrations of plasma HIV-1 RNA (p < 0.01) and prevalence of p24 antigenemia (p < 0.001) and significantly lower levels of antibodies to the HIV-1 gag proteins p17 and p24 (p < 0.01-0.001) compared with non-RPs. These differences increased during follow-up visits. Antibodies to p66 and gp120 were significantly different only at the visit closet to AIDS (p < 0.001), as were beta-2 microglobulin and interferon alpha. These findings suggest that early virologic-immunologic events after HIV-1 infection may determine the rate of progression to AIDS. Anti-gag immune response may prevent rapid progression of HIV-1 disease and should be considered for future vaccine studies.