[Immune complex and vasculitis].

Abstract

In the early 1900s, von Pirquet first introduced the concept that antigen antibody complexes might cause disease. Since that time, systemic necrotizing vasculitis is believed to be a typical form of immune complex-mediated vasculitis and it may be found in many disorders associated with immunological abnormalities. In 1866, Kusmaul and Maier reported a case with multilesions of necrotizing vasculitis named as periarteritis nodosa which is now nominated as polyarteritis nodosa characterized by the presence of focal inflammatory lesions in small and medium-sized arteries. Besides polyarteritis nodosa, necrotizing vasculitis is frequently found in connective tissue diseases, especially in SLE and RA. Granulomatous vasculitis is a definitely different type of vasculitis from necrotizing vasculitis and known to be found in Wegener's granulomatosis. Whether or not granulomatous vasculitis is an immune complex-mediated disease is unknown, but it can be produced experimentally in several settings. In a experimental model of serum sickness, animals who are hyperimmune responders have widespread granulomatous lesions similar to Wegener's granulomatosis in histology. Intravenous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant in rabbits followed by intravenous administration of human IgM rheumatoid factor is capable of inducing a marked pulmonary granulomatous reaction. The relation of these observations to human Wegener's granulomatosis is uncertain, but the histology and location of the lesions are strikingly similar to human disease. Vasculitis involved in large and medium-sized arteries is seen in two different types of diseases known as temporal arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis. Circulating and tissue-bound immune complexes have been found in both conditions. Most common vasculitis in childhood is Schonlein-Henoch purpura in North America and Kawasaki disease in Japan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)