PubMed · 7942946
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H J Van Peenen. 1994. John Barleycorn.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90311-5
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Logistic regression assumes a linear relationship between the logit and the continuous covariate. When the relationship is not linear, one can employ transformations of the covariate to satisfy the linearity assumption. We present an approach that allows interpretation of the odds ratio as it relates to the continuous covariate in its original metric. A numerical example illustrates the results.
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Alcoholism is one of a group of common psychiatric diseases which are well-defined clinically and strongly influenced genetically, but which are likely to be highly heterogeneous in causation, genetically and otherwise. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in drug-mediated reinforcement. Based on association studies with the Taq1A downstream marker, the D2 dopamine receptor has been proposed to be the "Reward Deficiency Syndrome Gene." Ser311Cys, a naturally occurring variant which largely inactivates transduction after D2 receptor activation, was abundant (0.16) in a Southwestern American Indian population we studied. Therefore, we were able to provide a critical test of the D2 hypothesis of vulnerability to alcoholism by evaluating Ser311Cys and also the intron-2 STR and Taq1A markers at this locus in a total of 459 subjects, including 373 sib pairs, from large families. The result is that neither alcoholism, substance use disorders nor schizophrenia show a relationship to Ser311Cys genotype, even when the 15 Cys311/Cys311 homozygous individuals are compared to others. Furthermore, sib pair analysis incorporating information across all three sib pair categories: concordant affected, discordant and concordant unaffected revealed no effect of DRD2 genotype or haplotype on alcoholism or substance use disorder.