PubMed · 8008273
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C W Cox. 1994. After thrombolytic therapy: avoiding a disabling complication.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8008273/
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the body-site distribution of melanocytic nevi (MN) with respect to habitually and intermittently sun-exposed surfaces. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of MN prevalence. SETTING: Townsville (19.16 degrees S), Queensland, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of 506 1- to 6-year-old white children who were born and raised in Townsville (response, 87.6%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Site-specific counts and densities (number per square meter) of MN. RESULTS: Densities of MN of all sizes were highest on the outer forearms, followed by the outer upper arms, neck, and face. The feet had the lowest density of MN. Densities of MN of 2 mm or greater were highest on the upper arms and trunk. Boys had higher densities of MN of all sizes on the neck than girls (P = .002). Girls had higher densities of MN of 2 mm or greater on the lower legs (P = .006) and thighs (P = .005) than boys. Habitually sun-exposed body sites had higher densities, particularly of small MN, than relatively sun-protected sites, and larger MN were most prevalent on the intermittently exposed skin of the trunk. CONCLUSIONS: These children have higher total body and site-specific MN counts and densities than children from elsewhere, and their MN are distributed over the body in a way that implicates exposure to sunlight. As sun exposure in childhood and MN are risk factors for melanoma, intervention studies are required to determine if MN can be prevented.
An evaluation was performed to determine the distribution of radiation dose received by vascular/interventional radiologists, hence forth called radiologists, to their hands and arms during interventional radiology procedures. During 87 patient procedures, measurements were made using thermoluminescent dosimeters to determine the distribution of dose to the hands and forearms. Measurements were made on a finger, the palm, wrist, elbow, and the mid-humerus of both hands and arms. Results suggested a non-uniformity of dose with the maximum dose being measured on the left hypothenar (fleshy side of the palm). The left hand receives a higher dose than the right hand due to positioning of the radiologist with respect to the patient.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of our investigation was to determine whether an MR imaging system designed to obtain images of the extremities affects the safety and functionality of pacemakers or that of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ex vivo experiments were conducted in which seven pacemakers and seven ICDs were exposed to a 0.2-T extremity MR imaging system. Magnetic field attraction was assessed at three positions relative to the MR imaging system. In addition, the devices were placed into a test apparatus that was oriented parallel and perpendicular relative to the MR imaging system while imaging was performed on a phantom using T1-weighted spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences. Various functional aspects of the pacemakers and ICDs were evaluated before, during (pacemakers only), and after MR imaging. RESULTS: Magnetic field attraction was relatively minor for all devices. The quality of the MR images was unaffected by the devices. Operation of this MR system did not alter any of the functional aspects of the pacemakers or ICDs evaluated in this study. CONCLUSION: According to these data and in consideration of how patients are positioned during examinations--that is, positioned so that the thorax (where the pacemaker or ICD and the corresponding leads are located) does not enter the magnet bore--the results suggest that it should be safe to perform MR imaging in patients with the pacemakers and ICDs evaluated in this study.