PubMed · 8133000
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D Birnbaum. 1993. Selecting optimal statistical tools.. https://doi.org/10.1086/646677
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It is known that some Virtual Reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMDs) can cause temporary deficits in binocular vision. On the other hand, the precise mechanism by which visual stress occurs is unclear. This paper is concerned with a potential source of visual stress that has not been previously considered with regard to VR systems: inappropriate vertical gaze angle. As vertical gaze angle is raised or lowered the 'effort' required of the binocular system also changes. The extent to which changes in vertical gaze angle alter the demands placed upon the vergence eye movement system was explored. The results suggested that visual stress may depend, in part, on vertical gaze angle. The proximity of the display screens within an HMD means that a VR headset should be in the correct vertical location for any individual user. This factor may explain some previous empirical results and has important implications for headset design. Fortuitously, a reasonably simple solution exists.
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Cardiac-gated 3-dimensional fetal echocardiography can reconstruct and display cardiac structures and views not visualized with conventional 2-dimensional ultrasonography. This new technique may become an integral part of screening ultrasonography, complementing 2-dimensional fetal echocardiography when real-time imaging is incomplete.