PubMed · 8136825
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1994. PEPing up preimplantation testing.. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0194-1
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OBJECTIVE: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is characterized genetically by an excess paternal genome and maternal chromosome loss. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and ICSI with preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) enhance the selection of viable embryos by ensuring that only those with the appropriate genetic makeup are implanted. We aimed to evaluate the pregnancy outcome following ICSI and ICSI/PGS in infertile women with a history of GTDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we recruited couples who were referred to the Royan Institute with infertility complaints with GTD history from 2010 to 2022. GTD had been confirmed by serial β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) titer, ultrasonography, and histopathology assessment of the evacuated uterine contents. The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes were specific for the chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y. RESULTS: A total of 69 cycles of ICSI (n=41) and ICSI/PGS (n=28) were analyzed. The two treatment groups were comparable in terms of patients' demographic characteristics. The mean number of total retrieved oocytes, MII oocytes, and obtained embryos in the ICSI/PGS cycle was higher compared to the ICSI cycle (P<0.001 for all). Also, a statistically significant difference between groups in the mean number of poor embryos (P=0.004) was found. No statistically significant difference was observed in clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth rates per embryo transfer (ET) between groups. The findings indicate that 27.2% of embryos exhibited genetic normalcy in the ICSI/PGS group. CONCLUSION: Despite achieving more embryos in ICSI/PGS cycles, the success rates of pregnancy in both groups are approximately the same. Both of these methods can be effective in the management of women with the previous GTD. Considering the high costs and the necessity to eliminate 46XX embryos during PGS procedures, it is advisable to restrict this method to cases with a significant risk of recurrent GTD.
Various stresses such as starvation and cold or heat shocks have been identified as triggers in the induction of the microspore embryogenesis. This study attempts to quantify the effects of different pretreatment conditions for successful microspore culture of malting barley (cv. Scarlett). While the sporophytic microspore development could be induced from treated and nontreated microspores, abiotic stress was essential for embryo formation and plant regeneration. The type of stress treatment applied affected the numbers and the ratios of albino and green plants regenerated, as well as their fertility. The highest number of green plants was obtained after the treatment of anthers in 0.3 M mannitol at 32 degrees C for 24 h before microspore culture.
Closure of the primary atrial foramen is achieved by fusion of the atrioventricular cushions with the mesenchymal cap on the leading edge of the muscular primary atrial septum. A fourth component involved is the vestibular spine, originally described by His in 1880 as an intra-cardiac continuation of the extra-cardiac mesenchyme of the dorsal mesocardium. The morphogenesis of this area is of great clinical interest, because of the high incidence of atrial and atrioventricular septal defects. Nonetheless, the origin of the participating components is largely unknown. Here we report that the primary atrial foramen is surrounded in its entirety by mesenchyme derived from endocardium. A second population of mesenchyme not derived from endocardium was observed at the caudal margin of the mesenchymal atrial cap, entirely embedded within the mesenchyme derived from endocardium and contiguous with the mesenchyme of the dorsal mesocardium. Our reconstructions show this second population does indeed take the form of a short spine, albeit that it is the right pulmonary ridge, rather than this spine, that protrudes into the atrial lumen. From the stance of morphological description, therefore, there is little thus far to substantiate the existence of an atrial spine.