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Microcomputer with a sound card. Low-cost flexibility for audiometry.

K Laitakari
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Abstract

An ordinary Personal Computer equipped with a sound card for entertainment electronics can significantly improve the flexibility of speech and pediatric audiometry. New programming tools have made it possible for the layman to construct his own user-interface.

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Audiometry, SpeechEquipment DesignFemaleHumansMaleMicrocomputersSoftwareSpeech PerceptionJournal Article

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K Laitakari. 1993. Microcomputer with a sound card. Low-cost flexibility for audiometry.. https://doi.org/10.3109/01050399309047468

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PubMed2006

Cochlear implantation in obstructed cochleas: the effect of the degree of obstruction on the number of activated electrodes and the amount of postoperative speech perception.

OBJECTIVE: With cochlear implantation, insertion of the electrodes can be hampered by cochlear obstructions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these obstructions on the number of activated electrodes and postoperative speech perception. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis of the operation reports and CT-scans of patients who underwent cochlear implantation, at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the University Medical Center of Utrecht (n = 295). PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Fifty patients with a certain degree of cochlear obstruction were included. Based on the surgical intervention to overcome these obstructions they were subdivided into first-, second- and third degree obstructions. The number of implanted and activated electrodes was determined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three different speech perception tests after 12 months of cochlear implant use. RESULTS: The number of activated electrodes significantly diminished with increasing obstruction degree (P < 0.01). This was caused by a lower amount of implanted electrodes combined with a higher amount of switched off electrodes. With a higher degree of obstruction the amount of postoperative speech perception decreased significantly (P < 0.01). This is partly explained by the lower number of activated electrodes and partly explained by the fact that a higher obstructions degree correlates with a higher degree of (retro-) cochlear pathology. Significantly more electrodes can be inserted into the severely obstructed cochlea using a Double Array Cochlear Implant. CONCLUSION: Cochlear obstructions pose a surgical threat and negatively influence the postoperative speech perception results. Fortunately, due to surgical techniques, first and second degree obstructed cochleas can often be bypassed. Implanting of a Double Array implant brightens the prospects of patients with third (severe) degree obstructed cochleas.

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PubMed2006

Experimental comparison between speech transmission index, rapid speech transmission index, and speech intelligibility index.

During the acoustical design of, e.g., auditoria or open-plan offices, it is important to know how speech can be perceived in various parts of the room. Different objective methods have been developed to measure and predict speech intelligibility, and these have been extensively used in various spaces. In this study, two such methods were compared, the speech transmission index (STI) and the speech intelligibility index (SII). Also the simplification of the STI, the room acoustics speech transmission index (RASTI), was considered. These quantities are all based on determining an apparent speech-to-noise ratio on selected frequency bands and summing them using a specific weighting. For comparison, some data were needed on the possible differences of these methods resulting from the calculation scheme and also measuring equipment. Their prediction accuracy was also of interest. Measurements were made in a laboratory having adjustable noise level and absorption, and in a real auditorium. It was found that the measurement equipment, especially the selection of the loudspeaker, can greatly affect the accuracy of the results. The prediction accuracy of the RASTI was found acceptable, if the input values for the prediction are accurately known, even though the studied space was not ideally diffuse.

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