PubMed · 8233886
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G McPherson. Absorbing effects.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8233886/
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Popular hair cosmetic treatments like bleaching or permanent waving were found to affect the stability of incorporated drugs and to cause alterations of the fibers at an ultrastructural level. This may result in a partial or complete loss of drug substances, depending on the particular drug molecule and on its concentration prior to the cosmetic treatment. Moreover, from literature, there is some evidence that drug molecules are not only incorporated into the growing fiber by passive diffusion from blood into the matrix cells and melanocytes, but that the substances enter the hair also via perspiration such as sweat and sebum. Since permed and bleached hair shows an enhanced sorption capacity, the risk of false positives or an unusually high drug concentration in cosmetically treated hair was under investigation. Virgin, permed, mildly as well as severely bleached tresses were exposed to artificial sweat or sebum containing cocaine, benzoylecgonine, 6-acetylmorphine, morphine and codeine (500 ng/g). Except codeine, the concentrations measured by GC/MS were very small and quite close to the detection limit indicating a minor importance of drug uptake into hair fiber from the endogenous-exogenous shunt via sebum or sweat. From the results it is concluded that an increased risk of false positive results in hair analysis on bleached and permanent waved hair fibers does exist, but is not particularly severe.
OBJECTIVE: Literature suggests that both ethanol and omeprazole may affect the endocrine system. We studied the effect of concurrent use of ethanol and omeprazole on the pituitary gonadal axis in healthy males. METHODS: Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone levels were assessed in a fasting state before and after ingestion of 0.5 g/kg bodyweight of ethanol. Subjects then received omeprazole therapy (20 mg 2x/d for one week) followed by assessment of hormone levels before and after ethanol ingestion as done previously. RESULTS: Total testosterone levels before and after ethanol at baseline declined an average of 46.6 ng/dL (n = 8; p = NS). The testosterone levels before and after ethanol following omeprazole therapy rose an average of 55.4 ng/dL (n = 8; p = NS). There was no significant difference in the change of ethanol induced testosterone concentrations as a result of omeprazole therapy. Similarly the free testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were also not affected by ethanol or omeprazole alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that omeprazole and/or acute ingestion of ethanol do not affect the pituitary gonadal axis in healthy male subjects.