PubMed · 8247626
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R B Greer. 1993. On setting goals.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8247626/
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The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) is developing an improved scoring system for the late effects of radiation therapy. There is a need to assess the impact of treatment on long-term survival. The RTOG Late Effects Toxicity Grading Scale documents the absence or the degree to which a symptom or sign is present. The scale in itself does not, however, score the impact of symptoms on survival. This Late Effects Scale in conjunction with quality-of-life assessments will provide the information necessary to assess the impact of treatment toxicities on normal daily living. Neither documentation of late effects nor their impact on quality of survival is an end in itself. These scales are only instruments that should serve to direct us toward our higher goal of designing interventional studies concerned with the quality of survival or rehabilitation. The development of the Late Effects Toxicities Grading Scale is a beginning.
In this article, we present our work in extending and testing Imogene King's conceptual framework and theory in Japan, Sweden, and the United States. Comparing and contrasting cultural relevance, methodology, and issues of validity provide examples of international scholarship and knowledge development that result from networking and collaboration.
This article discusses the beneficial effects of setting goals in health behavior change and maintenance interventions. Goal setting theory predicts that, under certain conditions, setting specific difficult goals leads to higher performance when compared with no goals or vague, nonquantitative goals, such as "do your best." In contrast to the graduated, easy goals often set in health behavior change programs, goal setting theory asserts a positive linear relationship between degree of goal difficulty and level of performance. Research on goal setting has typically been conducted in organizational and laboratory settings. Although goal setting procedures are used in many health behavior change programs, they rarely have been the focus of systematic research. Therefore, many research questions still need to be answered regarding goal setting in the context of health behavior change. Finally, initial recommendations for the successful integration of goal setting theory in health behavior change programs are offered.