PubMed · 8317932
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J M Zuffoletto. 1993. Nurses' vs surgeons' responsibility for sponge counts.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)67177-4
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BACKGROUND: A previous report presented volumetric ragweed pollen data for 23 cities in the continental United States. Although helpful, it did not represent all areas of the country. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this present communication is to furnish ragweed pollen data for eight additional cities. METHODS: Ragweed pollen data were obtained from eight pollen sampling facilities in the continental United States. These data were analyzed to determine the length of the season in each city and its peak date. RESULTS: The ragweed pollen season was typically 2 or 3 months in duration. Ragweed pollen counts reached their annual maximum in late August or early September in cities in Minnesota, Nebraska, and South Dakota. The peak was achieved in late September or early October for two cities in Texas. The annual maximums for three remaining cities in Colorado, Utah and Alabama occurred in late August, early September and mid-September, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this investigation were consistent with previous reports about the north-south nature of the ragweed pollen season. These data, when combined with the results of the 23-city investigation, indicate when source avoidance is most critical in many areas.
The objectives of this paper were to: a) evaluate the accuracy and precision of previously published pediatric body composition prediction equations and b) develop additional prediction equations from a large, heterogeneous group of Caucasian (n = 133) and African-American (n = 69) children. The combined cohort of 202 children included a wide range of ages (4.0-10.9 y), weights (14.0-70.8 kg), fat mass (FM: 1.2-28.5 kg) and percent body fat (% body fat: 6.2-49.6%). Skinfold measurements were obtained using a Lange caliper and body fat was measured with a Lunar DPX-L densitometer. The previously published equations of Slaughter et al and Goran et al did not accurately predict body fat. The entire cohort was randomly divided into two sub-groups for purposes of deriving and cross-validating a new prediction equation. In stepwise regression analysis in the development group (n = 135), weight, triceps skinfold, gender, ethnicity and abdominal skinfold estimated FM measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) with a model R2 of 0.95. The new prediction equation was cross-validated in the control group (n = 67) and each ethnic and gender subgroup. We conclude that a) the equations of Slaughter et al and Goran et al did not accurately predict FM in a heterogeneous group of children and b) a new anthropometric prediction equation is proposed that may provide accurate estimates of FM in both Caucasian and African-American children aged 4-10 y with a wide range of FM and body composition.