PubMed · 8329851
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R A Glenner. 1993. The file.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329851/
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This study assessed defect depth and volume resulting from root instrumentation using a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with a slim scaling tip in vitro. Combinations of the following working parameters were analyzed: lateral forces of 0.5 N, 1 N, and 2 N; tip angulations of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees; power settings of low, medium and high; and instrumentation time of 10 s, 20 s, 40 s, and 80 s. Defects were quantified using a 3D optical laser scanner. Overall, lateral force had the greatest influence on defect volume compared to instrument power setting and tip angulation (beta-weights 0.49 +/- 0.04, 0.25 +/- 0.04, and 0.14 +/- 0.04, respectively). The effects on defect depth were highest for tip angulation followed by lateral force and instrument power setting (beta-weights 0.48 +/- 0.04, 0.34 +/- 0.04, and 0.25 +/- 0.04, respectively). Interestingly, at all power settings, the highest defect volume and depth by far were found after combining 45 degrees tip angulation with 2 N of lateral force. The efficacy of the assessed piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler may be adapted to the various clinical needs by adjusting the lateral force, tip angulation, and power setting. To prevent severe root damage it is crucial to use the assessed scaler at a tip angulation of close to 0 degrees.
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This study assessed defect depth and volume resulting from root instrumentation using a KaVo Sonic-flex Lux 2000 L sonic scaler with a slim scaling tip (Perio-Tip no. 8) in vitro. Combinations of the following working parameters were analyzed: lateral forces of 0.5 N, 1 N, and 2 N; tip angulations of 0 degree, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees; and instrumentation time of 10 s, 20 s, 40 s, and 80 s. Defects were quantified using a three-dimensional optical laser scanner. Instrumentation time had an almost linear impact on defect depth and volume. Although lateral force (beta-weight 0.55 +/- 0.062) had a greater influence on defect volume than tip angulation (beta-weight 0.29 +/- 0.062), their effects on defect depth were similar (beta-weight 0.43 +/- 0.052 and 0.50 +/- 0.052, respectively). The combination of force and angulation showed synergistic effects resulting in a wide range of defect depths (21.9 +/- 0.96 microns to 174 +/- 28.8 microns, at 40 s) and volumes (0.056 +/- 0.019 mm3 to 0.68 +/- 0.10 mm3 at 40 s). Severe root damage (> 50 microns/40 s) did not occur at any combination of 0.5 N lateral force and/or 0 degree tip angulation. By adjusting lateral force and tip angulation, the efficacy of the assessed sonic scaler may be adapted to various clinical needs.