PubMed · 8371321
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Y Ben-Menachem. 1993. Broadside impacts.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8371321/
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Since enactment of the Kentucky child restraint law in 1982, the number of motor-vehicle-occupant deaths among children aged 0-4 years has decreased 37%. A substantial proportion of this decline is attributed to the increased use of child safety seats (CSSs); in 1995, use of CSSs in Kentucky was 72%. In 1996 in the United States, although approximately 85% of infants and 60% of children aged 0-4 years were restrained, approximately 80% of CSSs were used improperly. The effectiveness of CSSs in preventing death and injury is reduced when they are used incorrectly. To estimate the rate for improper use of CSSs, the Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center analyzed data from observations and inspections of vehicles entering the main community shopping center parking lot during 1 day in each of two rural counties. This report summarizes the results of this study, which indicate that most children in CSSs were restrained improperly.
STUDY DESIGN: Report of a child who sustained an acute atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation, associated with fractures of the clavicle and the temporal bone, and rupture of the alar ligament demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. OBJECTIVE: To describe the radiographic and pathoanatomic characteristics of the injury process. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Only five cases of traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation associated with fracture of the clavicle have been reported previously. This is the first report of a ruptured alar ligament demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation associated with fractures of the clavicle and the temporal bone. METHODS: Computed tomography revealed the Type 1 rotatory dislocation described by Fielding and Hawkins, and magnetic resonance imaging delineated the ruptured alar ligament. RESULTS: Traction in a halter, followed by 6 weeks of immobilization with a cervical collar, was successful in the management of the injury. CONCLUSION: Concomitant fractures of the right temporal bone and the right clavicle may yield excessive left rotation of the atlas on the axis, resulting in the rupture of the right alar ligament. Awareness of this condition allows early diagnosis and effective conservative treatment.