PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 8437574

nir1, a conditional-lethal mutation in barley causing a defect in nitrite reduction.

E Duncanson·A F Gilkes·D W Kirk·A Sherman·J L Wray
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Eleven green individuals were isolated when 95000 M2 plants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mutagenised with azide in the M1, were screened for nitrite accumulation in their leaves after nitrate treatment in the light. The selected plants were maintained in aerated liquid culture solution containing glutamine as sole nitrogen source. Not all plants survived to flowering and some others that did were not fertile. One of the selected plants, STA3999, from the cultivar Tweed could be crossed to the wild-type cultivar and analysis of the F2 progeny showed that leaf nitrite accumulation was due to a recessive mutation in a single nuclear gene, which has been designated Nir1. The homozygous nir1 mutant could be maintained to flowering in liquid culture with either glutamine or ammonium as sole nitrogen source, but died within 14 days after transfer to compost. The nitrite reductase cross-reacting material seen in nitrate-treated wild-type plants could not be detected in either the leaf or the root of the homozygous nir1 mutant. Nitrite reductase activity, measured with dithionite-reduced methyl viologen as electron donor, of the nitrate-treated homozygous nir1 mutant was much reduced but NADH-nitrate reductase activity was elevated compared to wild-type plants. We conclude that the Nir1 locus determines the formation of nitrite reductase apoprotein in both the leaf and root of barley and speculate that it represents either the nitrite reductase apoprotein gene locus or, less likely, a regulatory locus whose product is required for the synthesis of nitrite reductase, but not nitrate reductase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Explore related subjects

ApoproteinsAzidesBlotting, WesternCrosses, GeneticGenes, LethalGenes, PlantGenes, RecessiveHordeumMutagenesisMutationNitrate Reductase (NAD(P)H)Nitrate ReductasesNitrite ReductasesNitritesSelection, GeneticSodium AzideTissue DistributionJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

E Duncanson, A F Gilkes, D W Kirk, A Sherman, J L Wray. 1993. nir1, a conditional-lethal mutation in barley causing a defect in nitrite reduction.. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00277123

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed1999

Formation of titanium(IV) transferrin by reaction of human serum apotransferrin with titanium complexes.

The reaction of human serum apotransferrin with titanium(IV) citrate under physiological conditions results in the formation of a specific bis-titanium(IV) transferrin adduct (Ti2Tf hereafter) with two titanium(IV) ions loaded at the iron binding sites. The same specific Ti2Tf complex is formed by reacting apotransferrin with titanium(III) chloride and exposing the sample to air. The derivative thus obtained was characterized by spectroscopic techniques, including absorption, UV difference, circular dichroism and 13C NMR spectroscopies, and shown to be stable within the pH range 5.5-9.0. Surprisingly, the reaction of apoTf with titanium(IV) nitrilotriacetate (NTA) does not lead to formation of appreciable amounts of Ti2Tf, even after long incubation times, although some weak interactions of Ti(IV)-NTA with apoTf are spectroscopically detected. Implications of the present results for a role of transferrin in the uptake, transport and delivery of soluble titanium(IV) compounds under physiological conditions are discussed.

Apoproteins↗
PubMed1999

Effect of H helix destabilizing mutations on the kinetic and equilibrium folding of apomyoglobin.

Acid-denatured apomyoglobin (apoMb) contains residual helical structure in the region of the polypeptide which corresponds to the H helix of the folded protein. In order to elucidate the role of this residual secondary structure in the protein folding process and to determine whether residual structure in the denatured state affects either the overall rate of folding or the rate of formation of a burst phase intermediate, we have examined the equilibrium and kinetic folding behavior of a mutant designed to destabilize residual secondary structure in the H helix region. Both Asn132 and Glu136 were changed to Gly (N132G,E136G) to effect this destabilization. Circular dichroism spectra show that the mutant protein contains less helical structure in the acid-denatured state and in the equilibrium intermediate state at pH 4.2 than does the wild-type protein. The CD spectra of the native states of the two proteins are nearly identical. The refolding kinetics for each of the species were measured by stopped-flow CD in the far-UV region and by NMR quench-flow pulse labeling. Under identical conditions, the CD-detected refolding of wild-type and mutant apomyoglobin from the acid-denatured state or from the urea-denatured state occurs at very similar rates following a burst phase that occurs too rapidly to measure by the stopped-flow technique. The urea dependence of the unfolding and refolding rates is consistent with the presence of at least one obligatory on-pathway intermediate in both wild-type and mutant proteins. The kinetic intermediate of the mutant protein is considerably less stable than that of the wild-type protein. Hydrogen exchange pulse labeling experiments indicate that, in contrast to the wild-type protein, the H helix is not stabilized during the burst phase refolding of the mutant but becomes stabilized during the slower phases. While the wild-type and mutant proteins both form compact intermediates, these differ in the content and location of secondary structure. The rate of folding of the AGH subdomain, which takes place prior to the transition state, is substantially slower for the N132G,E136G mutant protein. A strong propensity for spontaneous formation of helical structure in the H helix region is not a prerequisite for efficient folding nor for formation of equilibrium or kinetic intermediates. These observations suggest that while folding of apomyoglobin proceeds through an obligatory intermediate, the precise structure of this intermediate is not critical and its secondary structure may be altered without substantially affecting either the overall refolding kinetics or the integrity of the final folded state.

Apoproteins↗
PubMed1999

Intracellular processing of endocytosed triglyceride-rich lipoproteins comprises both recycling and degradation.

The current study was performed to investigate the intracellular fate of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are responsible for the delivery of lipids to various tissues, however, their intracellular pathway has not yet been elucidated. Here radiolabeled triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, associated with lipoprotein lipase, were used for the quantitative evaluation of the intracellular metabolism. Pulse chase experiments showed that after 90 minutes approximately 60% of the labeled protein, mainly apoproteins E and C, was released intact into the medium, where it re-associates with lipoproteins. Apoprotein B, in contrast, was degraded, following the same pathway as the apoprotein B from low density lipoproteins. In kinetic experiments uptake and intracellular fate of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins was compared to that of transferrin and low density lipoproteins. These experiments revealed that apoproteins were retained inside the cell much longer than transferrin, and unlike low density lipoproteins were not degraded. Using immunofluorescence it was shown that apoprotein E and lipoprotein lipase follow a distinct route from the sorting compartment to the surface, which is clearly distinguishable from the perinuclear transferrin recycling compartment. In contrast, the fluorescence labeled lipids were delivered to lysosomal compartments. The data presented here show that surface proteins of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, such as apoproteins E and C and lipoprotein lipase follow a recycling pathway, whereas lipids and high molecular mass core proteins are degraded.

Apoproteins↗