PubMed · 8453271
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1993. Viral genetics.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80354-5
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The phylum Nucleocytoviricota, formerly known as nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs), comprises evolutionarily related viruses with remarkably diverse genome sizes, coding capacities and virion morphologies. These viruses infect hosts across the eukaryotic tree of life, from protists to humans, and are believed to have emerged during the early stages of eukaryotic evolution. How the basic aspects of virus-host interaction have evolved in different lineages and whether they share a conserved infection cycle remain unclear. In this Review, we synthesize the information on the infection cycles of model representatives from the major orders within the phylum, revealing both shared traits and lineage-specific innovations. We compare the information available for the extensively studied poxviruses, asfiviruses, iridoviruses and chloroviruses with insights from the rapidly expanding literature on the mimiviruses, pandoraviruses, marseilleviruses and pithoviruses. We provide an overview of the molecular details underlying the key stages of Nucleocytoviricota infection cycles: entry via membrane fusion, formation of viral factories organized via phase separation, genome replication, virion morphogenesis through a crescent intermediate, and egress. We highlight outstanding questions in the field, unify concepts across traditionally separated research areas, and provide a conceptual framework to guide future cell biology studies on large double-stranded DNA viruses.
This paper deals with some aspects of human viruses in the environment. Thus, a systematization of these viruses was made on the basis of their elimination from the human body and also with regard to their detection in various segments of the environment. The data compiled lead to the conclusion that virtually any human virus, of any taxonomic group known, may be present, in one or another segment of the environment, at one or another time.
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