PubMed · 8545923
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J H Henriksen, H Hansen. 1995-12-11. [Research evaluation].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8545923/
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BACKGROUNDIncreasing incidence rates of invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (iSDSE) have been detected worldwide.AIMWe aimed to investigate iSDSE infection incidence rates in Denmark during 2014-2024, and characterise the genomic population structure of a subset of iSDSE isolates and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR).METHODSUsing national register data, we estimated overall and sex-/age-stratified iSDSE incidences during 2014-2024, by retrospectively identifying cases of invasive infections with group C and G streptococci or S. dysgalactiae (including specified as subspecies equisimilis). From the voluntary national beta-haemolytic streptococci laboratory surveillance system, whole-genome-sequenced isolates from August 2020-September 2022 were used to investigate the iSDSE genomic population structure. Susceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was determined and AMR genes identified.RESULTSDuring 2014-2024, iSDSE incidence rates increased significantly (linear trend analysis p < 0.001) with mean annual incidence ranging between 10.3 and 16.4 per 100,000, peaking in 2023. Incidence was higher in males, increasing with older age. Nearly 75% of the 1,223 iSDSE isolates belonged to four of 14 genetic clusters. Sequence types (STs) ST20 and ST17 were most prevalent, while emm-type stG62647, a variant associated internationally with higher virulence, dominated. All isolates were phenotypically susceptible to penicillin but approximately 10% were respectively erythromycin and clindamycin resistant. High erythromycin resistance prevalence (57%; 39/68), coinciding with gene ermA, occurred in one genetic cluster.CONCLUSIONThe findings illustrate the need for national registry-based surveillance to detect epidemiological changes and potential outbreaks. Further, continuous genomic surveillance can monitor the occurrence and expansion of genetic clades and AMR genes.
Over a two week period (1994) the 27 physicians at Fjorden registered the time they used on direct and indirect treatment of in- and out-patients, administration, further training, supervision and research. Standardized criteria for the time spent on patient treatment were set up. Thirty-two percent of the total work time was used for direct treatment and a further 32% for indirect treatment (conferences, etc.) while the rest was used for other purposes. In relation to standardized 60 minutes or more treatment sessions, the survey revealed an average of 32-60% insufficient time spent on each patient per session. Fifty percent more physician time for direct treatment would be necessary to reach the standardized criteria for the total number of patients. We conclude that using 2/3 of the total work time available on treatment is acceptable. The great discrepancy between real and ideal use of physician time makes it important to further examine how to acknowledge dialogue as a psychiatric tool.
Over a two week period (1994) the 27 physicians at a psychiatric hospital registered the time used on indirect treatment (conferences, rounds, etc.). This amounted to 21-37% of total time, while time spent on administration amounted to 7-46% of total time depending on the seniority of the doctor involved. An estimated one hour per week per patient was used for indirect treatment. An insignificant amount of time was spent on interviews with relatives. We conclude that although it would be desirable to reduce the time spent on indirect treatment, the new demands made on community psychiatry with involvement of relatives, etc., would rather tend to give rise to more obligations in this area.