The need to consider functional endpoints in defining nutrient requirements.

The maintenance of meristems throughout plant ontogeny allows the development of a diversity of structural forms from the same genetic base. Examination of the common and contrasting features of these meristems leads to the outline of common regulatory themes in meristem development. In particular, by including comparisons with embryogenesis research, we see that hormones and factors that are generally attributed roles in stress response, such as redox potential, carotenoids, flavonoids, brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid and ethylene, are emerging as major candidates for long-distance or short-distance signalling molecules in meristem development. In each case, hormone response appears to be influenced greatly by the developmental window or transition stage at which the meristem resides.

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PubMed2006

The production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle has been recognized as a potential source for generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species for more than 20 years. Initial investigations concentrated on the potential role of mitochondria as a major source for generation of superoxide as a "by-product" of normal oxidative metabolism, but recent studies have identified multiple subcellular sites, where superoxide or nitric oxide are generated in regulated and controlled systems in response to cellular stimuli. Full evaluation of the factors regulating these processes and the functions of the reactive oxygen species generated are important in understanding the redox biology of skeletal muscle.

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