PubMed · 869068
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M S Weiner. 1977. Creative "restraints".. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.134.7.821a
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The development of feelings in early childhood is traced, with special emphasis on the mother's role during the toddler phase when she facilitates her child's transition from sensorimotoric discharge to the mental experience, ownership, and use of modulated affects. Many child analytic patients use defenses to ward off feelings, many have not even reached the developmental level of experiencing feelings. How this difficulty manifests itself, the reasons for the developmental lag, and the analytic means of helping such patients are discussed and illustrated.
Compared behavior problems, child developmental skills, home environment, and parent emotional distress for 50 families of children aged 11-70 months with differing etiologies of feeding disorders (FD). Results showed that psychosocial functioning differed across FD classifications. Children with nonorganic characteristics to FD had more behavior problems compared to those with only organic FD. Children with primarily or only organic FD displayed lower developmental skills and their parents had higher emotional distress than children with primarily nonorganic FD. High parent distress was associated with older children who had poor feeding skills, less positive disciplinary practices, and higher social status. The findings imply that clinical services to families often are warranted and that service needs vary depending on the nature of FD. Mixed organic and nonorganic FD occurred in the majority of children, which supports the need for more detailed classification than an organic-nonorganic dichotomy used in prior research.
The narratives of preschool children differ from the narratives of adults in several respects that are of clinical relevance. First, children's narratives reflect their immersion in the sensory dimensions of experience. Second, children use distinctive forms of language. Third, although the child's memory capacities are comparable with those of the adult, the child's proximity to the pivotal interpersonal events of early life leads to the forceful insinuation of these events into the narrative. Fourth, during the preschool years certain behaviors associated with defensive operations, previously used to achieve adaptive developmental goals, may now be used pathologically to disguise the presence of conflict. Fifth, during play situations, children rely heavily upon symbolic fantasies to enact key experiences. Sixth, the distinction between appearance and reality has not yet consolidated for young children. Seventh, although children are avid storytellers who generate "scripts" with elaborate characters and plots, their ability to engage in symbolic thought is still undergoing maturational change. The unique developmental features of childhood narrative warrant the use of specific strategies to effect diagnosis and treatment.