PubMed · 8701129
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G E Piérard, C Piérard-Franchimont. 1996. [Topical corticoids].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8701129/
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The effect of low frequency ultrasound (20 kHz) on the permeation of clobetasol 17-propionate (CP) through skin (sonophoresis) was studied. The ultrasound was applied at either continuous or discontinuous modes and at different intensities. The results showed that low frequency ultrasound significantly enhanced the permeability of CP across hairless mouse skin in vitro. Delivering the same amount of ultrasonic energy in different modes of application markedly influenced the flux and skin residual of CP. The on/off discontinuous ultrasound had greater enhancement on CP permeation than the continuous ultrasound. The results of skin histopathology and permeation experiment using various membranes demonstrate that both disordering of stratum corneum and convective flow resulted from the cavitation effect were responsible for sonophoretic enhancement of CP. The permeation of CP through hair follicles and sweat ducts was susceptible to the application of ultrasound.
Airway epithelial cells are a rich source of eosinophil-selective C-C chemokines. We investigated whether cytokines and the topical glucocorticoid budesonide differentially regulate RANTES, monocyte chemoattractant protein-4 (MCP-4), and eotaxin mRNA and protein expression in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and in primary human bronchial epithelial cells by Northern blot analysis and ELISAs. Eotaxin and MCP-4 mRNA expression induced by TNF-alpha alone or in combination with IFN-gamma was near-maximal after 1 h, peaked at 4 and 8 h, respectively, remained unchanged up to 24 h, and was protein synthesis independent. In contrast, RANTES mRNA was detectable only after 2 h and slowly increased to a peak at 24 h, and was protein synthesis dependent. Induction of eotaxin and MCP-4 mRNA showed a 10- to 100-fold greater sensitivity to TNF-alpha compared with RANTES mRNA. IL-4 and IFN-gamma had selective effects on chemokine expression; IL-4 selectively up-regulated the expression of eotaxin and MCP-4 and potentiated TNF-alpha-induced eotaxin, while IFN-gamma markedly potentiated only the TNF-alpha-induced expression of RANTES. Although budesonide inhibited the expression of chemokine mRNA to a variable extent, it effectively inhibited production of eotaxin and RANTES protein. Budesonide inhibited both RANTES- and eotaxin promoter-driven reporter gene activity. Budesonide also selectively accelerated the decay of eotaxin and MCP-4 mRNA. These results point to IL-4 as a possible mediator by which Th2 cells may induce selective production of C-C chemokines from epithelium and indicate that glucocorticoid inhibit chemokine expression through multiple mechanisms of action.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the infrared thermographic appearance of bovine ears that had received contaminated growth promotant implants with ears that had received clean implants and ears without implants. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 32 yearling crossbred beef steers with a mean weight of 322 kg (708 lbs). PROCEDURE: Contaminated (n = 16) and clean (16) implants were placed in the ears of feedlot cattle. Nonimplanted (n = 32) ears served as a within-animal control for thermographic comparisons. Images of rostral and caudal surfaces were obtained during a 21-day period, using an infrared thermal imaging radiometer. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the relationship between mean temperature in a zone on the rostral surface of the ear and at 3 locations (proximal, middle, distal) on the caudal surface of the ear (response variables) with treatment (ears with contaminated implants or clean implants vs control ears with no implants), time (repeated day of measurement), and interactions among these variables. RESULTS: Significant temperature differences existed between ears with contaminated implants and control ears. Temperatures for ears with clean implants were significantly higher than control ears on day 2. At low ambient temperatures when the ears became wet, a greater temperature contrast was detected between ears with contaminated implants and control ears. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Thermal imaging of the ears of feedlot cattle is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that can be used to identify cattle with abscesses caused by contaminated growth-promotant implants.