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PubMed · 8718080

How to design an effective research study.

M Kirk-Smith
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Abstract

The previous paper in this series (March 13) examined three methodological issues: sample selection, treatment and/or intervention and observation and measurement. Here, aspects of research design and procedures will be considered. Research design is important in helping to ensure that the results can be correctly interpreted and that observed changes can be attributed to the planned intervention rather than to other intervening factors. The description of the procedure explains how the selected methods were combined and describes the practical details of how the study was carried out.

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Confounding Factors, EpidemiologicEffect Modifier, EpidemiologicHumansNursing ResearchProgram DevelopmentRandom AllocationResearch DesignJournal Article

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M Kirk-Smith. How to design an effective research study.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8718080/

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Psychiatric disorder criteria and their application to research in different racial groups.

BACKGROUND: The advent of standardized classification and assessment of psychiatric disorders, and considerable joint efforts among many countries has led to the reporting of international rates of psychiatric disorders, and inevitably, their comparison between different racial groups. RESULTS: In neurologic diseases with defined genetic etiologies, the same genetic cause has different phenotypes in different racial groups. CONCLUSION: We suggest that genetic differences between races mean that diagnostic criteria refined in one racial group, may not be directly and simply applicable to other racial groups and thus more effort needs to be expended on defining diseases in other groups. Cross-racial confounds (in addition to cultural confounds) make the interpretation of rates in different groups even more hazardous than seems to have been appreciated.

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