Perceived motion in depth.

E Brenner; A V Van Den Berg; W J Van Damme

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(95)00146-8

Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 8762300

Perceived motion in depth.

E Brenner·A V Van Den Berg·W J Van Damme

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

We examine how various sources of information contribute to the percept of motion in depth. Subjects were presented with targets moving in depth, and were asked to judge their velocities and final positions. On each presentation, the target's position relative to the two eyes (target vergence), the size of the target's retinal image and the difference in this image's position relative to that of the background in the two eyes (relative disparity), each either changed as they normally would for a target moving at a fixed speed towards the observer, or did not change at all. Subjects' judgements for various such combinations show that all three sources of information influence both the perceived velocity of motion in depth and the final perceived position, but in different ways. This is not too surprising, because the assumptions that the use of each source of information are based on, are different for the two tasks. We propose that the way the different sources are combined is governed by the likelihood of the assumptions, that are required to use that information, being true under the given circumstances.

Explore related subjects

Depth Perception Humans Motion Perception Vision, Binocular Journal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

E Brenner, A V Van Den Berg, W J Van Damme. 1996. Perceived motion in depth.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(95)00146-8

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed1999

Size-disparity correlation in human binocular depth perception.

To use the small horizontal disparities between images projected to the eyes for the recovery of three-dimensional information, our visual system must first identify which feature in one eye's image corresponds with which in the other. The earliest level of disparity processing in primates (V1) contains cells that are spatial-frequency tuned. If such cells have a disparity range that covers only a single period of their mean tuning frequency, there will always be exactly one potential match within this range. Here, this 'size-disparity' hypothesis was tested by measuring the contrast sensitivity of stereopsis as a function of disparity for single bandpass-filtered items. It was found that thresholds were low and relatively constant up to disparities an order of magnitude larger than is predicted by this constraint. Furthermore, peak sensitivity was relatively independent of spatial frequency. A control experiment showed that binocular correlation of the carrier is necessary for this task. In a third experiment, the maximum disparity that supports threshold performance was compared for an isolated bandpass item and bandpass-filtered noise. This limit was found to be five times larger for the isolated stimuli. In summary, these findings show that the initial stage of disparity detection is not limited by the size-disparity constraint. For stimuli with multiple false targets, however, processes subsequent to this stage reduce the disparity range over which the correspondence problem can be solved.

Depth Perception↗

PubMed1999

The popout in some conjunction searches is due to perceptual grouping.

The target in a visual search task usually pops out if it can be distinguished from its background on the basis of only one visual feature but not if the target represents a conjunction of two or more features. However, several recent reports suggest that in certain cases, search targets defined by a conjunction of two features also pop out. We have reinvestigated three pairs of such features to determine whether the popout in these cases can be attributed to perceptual grouping. We find that that in all three cases, popout no longer occurs when perceptual grouping is degraded, suggesting that the popout is the result of perceptual grouping and not of novel mechanism/s of conjunction search.

Depth Perception↗

PubMed1999

Variational learning in nonlinear gaussian belief networks.

We view perceptual tasks such as vision and speech recognition as inference problems where the goal is to estimate the posterior distribution over latent variables (e.g., depth in stereo vision) given the sensory input. The recent flurry of research in independent component analysis exemplifies the importance of inferring the continuous-valued latent variables of input data. The latent variables found by this method are linearly related to the input, but perception requires nonlinear inferences such as classification and depth estimation. In this article, we present a unifying framework for stochastic neural networks with nonlinear latent variables. Nonlinear units are obtained by passing the outputs of linear gaussian units through various nonlinearities. We present a general variational method that maximizes a lower bound on the likelihood of a training set and give results on two visual feature extraction problems. We also show how the variational method can be used for pattern classification and compare the performance of these nonlinear networks with other methods on the problem of handwritten digit recognition.

Depth Perception↗