PubMed · 8935921
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T M Wolff. 1996. Case study underway.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8935921/
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In this study, we report the coding-complete genome sequence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 13 (GLRaV-13), isolate CA8881, detected in Vitis vinifera in California, USA. The genome sequence exhibited over 95% nucleotide identity with previously reported GLRaV-13 isolates and contributed to better understanding of the genetic diversity of ampeloviruses infecting grapevine.
Large employers have become increasingly involved in helping to set the agenda for quality measurement and improvement. Moreover, they are beginning to hold health care organizations accountable for their performance through marketplace incentives, including the public reporting of comparative quality data and the linkage of reimbursement to performance on quality measures. The Pacific Business Group on Health (PBGH) is an employer coalition that has been prominent in establishing models for collaborative quality measurement and improvement in the California marketplace. PBGH's involvement in quality stems from an environment in which purchasers were faced with high health care costs, yet virtually no information with which to assess the value their employees received from that care. Research indicating widespread variation in performance across health care organizations and seemingly limited oversight for quality of care within the industry has further motivated purchasers' efforts to better understand the quality of care being delivered to their em-ployees. Using the purchasing power of employers representing 2.5-million covered lives, PBGH endeavors to encourage the transition of the health care marketplace from one that competes solely on price to one that competes on price and quality. This entails collaborating with the health care industry to develop and publicly report valid performance data for use by both large employers and consumers of health care services. It also includes communicating to the marketplace purchasers' commitment to making purchasing decisions based on quality as well as cost. PBGH efforts to measure, report, and improve quality have been demonstrated by several undertakings in the perinatal care arena, including research to assess cesarean section rates and newborn readmission rates across California hospitals.employer coalition, purchaser, quality measurement, quality improvement, report cards, perinatal quality of care.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Improvements in care of low birth weight preterm infants has led to an increased survival of this population. It is not known whether the improved care has decreased the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), or whether the survival of even smaller infants has increased the prevalence. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ROP in an inner-city hospital during two time periods to determine whether the prevalence is changing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The frequency and characteristics of ROP were compared between a 10-month observation period in 1995-1996 and published data from a similar time period in 1988-1989. RESULTS: There were fewer cases of ROP per live births less than 1500 g during 1995-1996 compared with 1988-1989 (P< .0001). This included both mild and severe ROP. When the two racial subgroups were examined separately, there was a statistically significant decline for the black (P < .001) but not the Hispanic population (P = .12). The Mantel-Haenszel chi2 test confirmed that the decline was statistically significant when the two groups were combined (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the prevalence of ROP appears to have decreased between 1995-1996 and 1988-1989. The subgroup experiencing the biggest decline was black infants. Other studies should be performed to investigate whether the frequency of ROP has also declined in other settings.