PubMed · 8948775
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L E Muñoz Espinosa. [Delta virus].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948775/
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HIV-1 antigen Nef, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), and the fusion protein GFP-Nef ("Green Fluorescent Nef") were synthesized in bacterial cell-free system with continuous supply of substrates and continuous removal of low-molecular-weight products through a dialysis membrane during incubation, the so-called continuous-exchange cell-free (CECF) system. The identity of synthesized proteins was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility, Western blotting, and GFP fluorescence. The system produced several nanomoles (hundreds of microg) of each protein per ml of the reaction mixture. Construction of GFP-fused proteins is considered as a general strategy for visualization and monitoring of cell-free production of the proteins that have no easily testable functions.
Presence of the Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) genome has been reported in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. So far, serological studies of HHV8 and MM have been inconsistent but have not included prospective epidemiological studies. We evaluated whether HHV8 infection is associated with increased risk for MM in a prospective population-based study of 39 000 Finnish subjects who donated serum samples in the period 1968-72. Serum samples from 47 subjects who developed MM during a 23-year follow-up and 224 age, area of residence and sex-matched subjects who remained healthy over a similar follow-up period were evaluated for HHV8 antibodies at enrollment, as assayed both with an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for lytic and latent HHV8 antigens and by Western blot (WB) with three recombinant HHV8 proteins (ORFs 65, 73 and K8.1A). HHV8 seropositivity for at least one HHV8 protein on WB was found in 7% of the Finnish population and was not associated with the risk of developing MM (Relative Risk (RR) = 0.89, Confidence Interval (CI): 0.25-3.25). HHV8 seropositivity for lytic and latent antigens in the IFA was found in 16% and 0.4% of the Finnish population and tended to associate with risk of MM (RR = 2.02, CI: 0.94-4.33 and RR = 10.00, CI: 0.91-110.29, respectively). In conclusion, no statistically significant evidence for an association between HHV8 infection and the risk of future MM was found.
Enteroviruses (EV) have traditionally been identified by using serotype-specific antisera in a virus-neutralization test. Three EV strains isolated in California, USA, in 1955, 1964 and 1978, and a 1995 Oman isolate, were found to be antigenically related to one another; however, the strains were not neutralized by standard EV typing antisera, suggesting that they may represent a new EV serotype. The isolates were characterized genetically by RT-PCR coupled with amplicon sequencing and comparison to a database of enterovirus nucleotide sequences. The strains were 75.3 to 87.2% identical to one another in complete VP1 nucleotide sequence, but no more than 68% identical in sequence to the prototype strain of any EV serotype. Their complete capsid sequences were closely related to one another, but only distantly related to those of any EV prototype strain. The California and Oman isolates were most closely related to members of EV cluster B, suggesting that they are unclassified members (i.e. a new serotype) of cluster B. The complete genome sequence was determined for one isolate, CA55-1988, and the predicted polyprotein sequence was 86.5 to 89.2% identical to those of other cluster B EV and 56.7 to 61.9% identical to the polyprotein sequences of EV belonging to other clusters. Isolation of this new EV serotype from samples obtained on two continents and over a period of 40 years suggests continued circulation over a wide geographical area. In keeping with standard picornavirus nomenclature, we propose that this new serotype be named 'enterovirus 73' (EV73).