PubMed · 8972292
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M J Hill. 1996. Endogenous N-nitrosation.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8972292/
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OBJECTIVE: To classify 239 cases of perinatal death in a newly introduced classification system for underlying causes of perinatal death. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive. SETTING: Dutch healthcare region Delft-Westland-Oostland (DWO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 10 years (1983-1992), all cases of perinatal death with a birthweight above 500 g (n=239) were included into the study. We used a classification model based upon the underlying cause of death using simple principles of obstetrical and neonatal pathology. A team consisting of a gynaecologist, neonatologist and pathologist classified all cases of perinatal death into seven groups to determine the "most-probable" cause of death. RESULTS: Birth trauma was seen in two cases (0.8%). Infections were seen in 16 cases (6.8%). Acute/subacute placental pathology in 77 cases (32.2%) and chronic placental pathology in 50 cases (21%). Bloodtype antagonism was seen in two cases (0.8%). Lethal congenital malformations in 55 cases (23%). Complications of pre-viable delivery in 20 cases (8.4%). Unclassifiable were 17 cases (7%): two cases could not be classified despite thorough investigation (1%) and 15 cases were lost for follow-up (6%). CONCLUSIONS: Classification of perinatal death causes by using our fundamental classification system gives insight in the possible underlying causes of death. The results of such a classification can be used as guidelines for preventive measures in the future.
OBJECTIVE: To determine patterns of use of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (CEFX) in Victorian hospitals and to identify areas for improvement. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: A concurrent, observational evaluation of CEFX use in patients commencing a course of these drugs between 8 and 14 September, 1999, in 51 Victorian hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of patients treated with CEFX; indications; duration of use; concordance with recommendations of national antibiotic guidelines (Therapeutic guidelines: antibiotic, 10th edition [AG10]). RESULTS: 671 patients were treated with CEFX. The overall rate of use was 43 patients per 1000 inpatient separations. Treatment of respiratory tract infection accounted for 352 patients (52%) and surgical prophylaxis for 99 patients (15%). Treatment of skin/soft tissue, urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract infections accounted for about 7% of patients each. The median duration of CEFX courses was 3.0 days. The overall rate of concordance with indications recommended in AG10 was 27%. The rate of concordance for empirical treatment of respiratory tract infection was 24%. Of the 195 patients treated empirically with CEFX for community-acquired respiratory tract infection and assessed as non-concordant, 64% did not have radiological evidence of pneumonia, and a further 30% did not fulfill the criteria for severe pneumonia. All courses given for surgical prophylaxis were non-concordant. CONCLUSIONS: CEFX is widely used in Victorian hospitals, mostly to treat lower respiratory tract infection and in surgical prophylaxis of infection. The rate of concordance with AG10 is low. Potential areas for intervention include empirical treatment of respiratory tract infection and use in surgical prophylaxis.
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