PubMed · 903102
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F K Lockerby. 1977-10-01. Outreach program in Brazil.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/903102/
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The repair capacity for O6-methylguanine was determined in cell homogenates of peripheral blood lymphocytes of 35 automobile industry workers, exposed to rubber and tires, and of 35 clinical workers, handling cancer chemotherapeutic agents, compared to control groups. lambda-Phage DNA containing one 32P-labeled O6-methylguanine in each BamHI site was used as substrate for the repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). The clinical personnel showed in the mean a highly significantly (P = 0.0014, Wilcoxon U test, Mann and Whitney) reduced activity of the repair enzyme [3.28 +/- 0.28 (SEM) fmol AGT/micrograms DNA] as compared to 37 control persons (4.88 +/- 0.32 fmol AGT/micrograms DNA). The mean AGT value of the automobile industry workers (4.40 +/- 0.28 fmol AGT/micrograms DNA) was not significantly different (P = 0.1303) from the mean of 38 examined controls (5.00 +/- 0.28 fmol AGT/micrograms DNA). By dividing these employees into subgroups according to their different work environments (handling of rubber fittings, tire mounting, and tire storage, respectively) the mean AGT value of the 15 tire storage workers was significantly (P = 0.0270) lower (3.80 +/- 0.36 fmol AGT/micrograms DNA) than the mean value of the controls. The interindividual variations in the activity of AGT were 5.1- and 6.5-fold in the control groups and 5.6-fold for the automobile industry workers; the largest variations were found in the group of the clinical personnel with 12.6-fold. No significant correlations between AGT and age, sex, or smoking behavior were observed in any of the groups examined. The decrease in AGT activity will render the afflicted individuals more susceptible to further exposure to methylating agents.
Machining fluids are widely used in a variety of common industrial metalworking operations to lubricate and cool both the tool and the working surfaces. Previous studies have suggested elevated respiratory, digestive, and skin cancers in exposed populations. This cohort study was initiated to assess whether long-term exposure to machining fluids in the course of machining, grinding, and other cutting operations is associated with excess cancer mortality. The cohort includes more than 45,000 automobile production workers from 3 plants, almost 1 million years of follow-up, over 10,000 deaths, and an extensive exposure assessment component. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) have been estimated for each of the 3 plants, using both U.S. as well as local populations as reference. Relative risks of 1.2-3.1 have been observed for several specific respiratory and digestive cancers of a priori interest, including cancer of the stomach, large intestine, pancreas, lung, and larynx. In addition, elevated risks for leukemia and asthma were noted. Future exposure-response analyses will provide the opportunity to identify relatively modest excesses in cause-specific mortality risk associated with exposure to specific types (straight, soluble, or synthetic), additives, or components of machining fluids.
BACKGROUND: Emergency physicians often plan and provide on-site medical care for mass gatherings. Most of the mass gathering literature is descriptive. Only a few studies have looked at factors such as crowd size, event characteristics, or weather in predicting numbers and types of patients at mass gatherings. PURPOSE: We used regression analysis to relate patient volume on Race Day at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway to weather conditions and race characteristics. METHODS: Race Day weather data for the years 1983 to 1989 were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Data regarding patients treated on 1983 to 1989 Race Days were obtained from the facility hospital (Hannah Emergency Medical Center) data base. Regression analysis was performed using weather factors and race characteristics as independent variables and number of patients seen as the dependent variable. Data from 1990 were used to test the validity of the model. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between dew point (which is calculated from temperature and humidity) and patient load (P less than .01). Dew point, however, failed to predict patient load during the 1990 race. No relationships could be established between humidity, sunshine, wind, or race characteristics and number of patients. CONCLUSION: Although higher dew point was associated with higher patient load during the 1983 to 1989 races, dew point was a poor predictor of patient load during the 1990 race. Regression analysis may be useful in identifying relationships between event characteristics and patient load but is probably inadequate to explain the complexities of crowd behavior and too simplified to use as a prediction tool.