PubMed · 9078801
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
T Muramatsu. 1997. [Safe and responsible drinking].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9078801/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Excessive alcohol consumption is a major health and social issue in our society. Pharmacologic administration of the endocrine hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) suppresses alcohol consumption through actions in the brain in rodents, and genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved with FGF21 signaling as being associated with increased alcohol consumption in humans. However, the neural circuit(s) through which FGF21 signals to suppress alcohol consumption are unknown, as are its effects on alcohol consumption in higher organisms. Here, we demonstrate that administration of an FGF21 analog to alcohol-preferring non-human primates reduces alcohol intake by 50%. Further, we reveal that FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through a projection-specific subpopulation of KLB-expressing neurons in the basolateral amygdala. Our results illustrate how FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through a specific population of neurons in the brain and demonstrate its therapeutic potential in non-human primate models of excessive alcohol consumption.
BACKGROUND: Individuals who consume high amounts of alcohol (>5 drinks/d) have increased risks of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the relationship is less clear for drinkers of light-to-moderate amounts. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively assessed whether light-to-moderate alcohol drinkers have a decreased risk of SCD among 21 537 male participants in the Physicians Health Study who were free of self-reported cardiovascular disease and provided complete information on alcohol intake at study entry. Over 12 years of follow-up, 141 SCDs were confirmed. After control for multiple confounders, men who consumed 2 to 4 drinks/wk (RR=0.40; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.75; P=0.004) or 5 to 6 drinks/wk (RR=0.21; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.56; P=0.002) at baseline had significantly reduced risks of SCD compared with those who rarely or never consumed alcohol. The relationship for SCD was U-shaped (P=0. 002), with the risk approaching unity at >/=2 drinks/d. In contrast, the relationship of alcohol intake and nonsudden CHD death was L-shaped or linear (P for trend=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In these prospective data, men who consumed light-to-moderate amounts of alcohol (2 to 6 drinks/wk) had a significantly reduced risk of SCD compared with those who rarely or never consumed alcohol.
BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation associated with increased risk of future cardiovascular events. However, data evaluating this hypothesis are sparse and limited to older women. METHODS AND RESULTS: CRP levels were evaluated in a cross-sectional survey of 493 healthy postmenopausal women; mean age was 51 years. Overall, median CRP levels were 2 times higher among women taking HRT than among women not taking HRT (0.27 versus 0.14 mg/dL; P=0.001). This difference was present in all subgroups evaluated, including those with no history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, or cigarette consumption or a family history of premature coronary artery disease (all P< 0.01). Compared with nonusers of HRT, median CRP levels were higher among women using estrogen alone (P=0.003) and women using estrogen plus progesterone (P=0.03); however, there was no significant difference in CRP levels between users of different HRT preparations. In multivariate analysis, the relationship between HRT use and CRP remained significant after control for body mass index, age, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, alcohol use, and cigarette consumption (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this cross-sectional survey, CRP levels were increased among apparently healthy postmenopausal women taking HRT. The potential impact of HRT on inflammatory parameters should be investigated in ongoing clinical trials.