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PubMed · 9156993

[Pain conditioned changes in animal behavior].

K Otto
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Abstract

Other than in human beings, only nonverbal methods including motor reflexes, autonomic reflexes, neuroendocrine responses, and changes in overall behavior are available for pain evaluation in various animal species. Pain-like changes in most of these variables can be induced by approaching and handling conscious animals rendering increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamine levels, etc. to nonspecific indicators for pain. In recent years, changes in overall behavior have been used for assessment of animal pain. Multiple Pain Discomfort Scales (MPDS) have been established for objective evaluation of behavioral changes in response to both noxious stimulation and analgesic drug therapy. These Multiple Pain Discomfort Scales include species specific behavioral patterns, making this approach a potentially more specific indicator of animal pain. This, however, needs to be confirmed by further extended studies in the near future.

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AnimalsBehavior, AnimalBlood PressureCatecholaminesHeart RateHemodynamicsHumansPainPain MeasurementComparative StudyEnglish AbstractJournal Article

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K Otto. 1997. [Pain conditioned changes in animal behavior].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9156993/

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