PubMed · 9343690
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P M Debnam, D H Kohl. 1997. Variable-size injectable dialysis chambers.. https://doi.org/10.2144/97234bm28
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Cellulosic textiles, constituting over 30% of global fibre production, are biodegradable but remain challenging to recycle at scale owing to their high crystallinity, chemical finishes, and heterogeneous waste streams. Although microorganisms drive cellulose turnover in natural ecosystems, their potential for transforming anthropogenic cellulosic waste remains largely unexplored. In this study, composting was evaluated both as a sustainable approach to textile biodegradation and a reservoir of cellulolytic microorganisms with biotechnological potential. Biodegradation assays of cotton and lyocell were integrated with shotgun metagenomics and targeted cultivation to identify microbial taxa and enzymes involved in cellulose degradation. Composting trials showed that degradation was strongly influenced by both composting system and fibre composition. Community composting achieved near-complete textile disintegration, while shredded textiles exhibited the highest degradation rates, reaching up to 97%. Shotgun metagenomic revealed a bacterial-dominated community enriched in Actinomycetota and Bacillota and characterised by an abundance of glycoside hydrolases. Culture-based screening recovered 62 microbial isolates, of which Neurospora and Aspergillus exhibited the highest cellulolytic activity (>60%). In vitro assays further showed that cotton was more readily degraded than lyocell, with several isolates achieving >70% mass loss. Metagenomic approach revealed a predominantly bacterial composting community at the sampled stage, whereas cultivation preferentially recovered fungi that, despite their low relative abundance in situ, exhibited strong cellulolytic potential. These findings highlight the potential of composting as a sustainable end-of-life strategy for cellulosic textiles and identify compost microbiomes as valuable reservoirs of cellulolytic microorganisms for the development of sustainable bioprocesses for textile waste treatment.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is routinely used to detect the protons of mobile water molecules within samples. In this investigation, this non-destructive, non-invasive technique was used to determine the cause for faster than predicted drug release from a dissolution-based regulated-release tablet. The NMR images of tablets, from two different formulations, taken at various intervals of time while immersed in static USP dissolution medium showed that the tablet with faster than predicted drug release had a porous coating. The porous coat exposed more of the core surface area to the dissolution medium than desired and this caused an increase in the rate of dissolution of the core. The data presented in this paper demonstrate the usefulness of NMR imaging in solid dosage form development.
Fractal geometry was applied to quantify the complexity of an internal structure of a porous film prepared with ethylcellulose (EC) and diethylphthalate (DEP) as a plasticizer. EC was dissolved together with DEP in a water-ethanol mixture solution, and then evaporated on Teflon petri dishes in order to make porous EC films. Boundary lines of the porous structures in the EC film cross section were taken by a confocal laser microscope as image data, and these images were fed into a computer to estimate the fractal dimension. The porous structure in EC film was observed to be a typical fractal and its complexity was quantified as a non-integral fractal dimension. No clear correlation was observed between the fractal dimension and the porosity of EC films, suggesting that they were mutually independent parameters representing the porous structure in the EC films. The permeation of theophylline through the EC films was determined by using two-chamber diffusion cells. A fairly good relationship between the permeability coefficient of theophylline and the fractal dimensions was observed, suggesting the usefulness of the fractal dimension as a novel parameter for evaluating drug permeation through porous films.