PubMed · 9442372
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1998. Circulation and hemodynamics.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9442372/
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The endothelium plays a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis; endothelial cells produce a series of molecules that determine vascular tone and modulate the interactions between the arterial wall components and the circulating blood. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) thus results in significantly impaired physiological responses that often lead to atheroma formation. Recent studies suggest that endothelial dysfunction as assessed invasively during coronary angiography is a prognostic marker. Recently, a non-invasive ultrasound technique has been developed which may allow screening of ED in both patients and healthy subjects. This article reviews current knowledge regarding non-invasive assessment of endothelial dysfunction and proposes potential uses of a promising ultrasound technique.
The management of the morbidly obese critically ill patient is a challenging and formidable task. A better understanding of the pathophysiologic changes that occur with obesity and the complications unique to this group of patients may improve their outcome.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of developmental researches in the area of psychophysiology of emotions in preschool and elementary school children. Electrodermal and cardiovascular activity measures are considered as the sources of indices of the autonomic nervous system activation during emotion-eliciting stimulation in children. We discuss the question of sensitivity of phasic and tonic autonomic measures for the identification of occurrence of emotion, mapping it along with valence and arousal dimensions in affective space, and to further differentiate emotions by their physiological manifestations. Considered are the conceptual and methodological issues related to psychophysiological measurements and developmental factors affecting the emotional reactivity in children. Special attention is devoted to the developmental aspects of psychophysiological studies on emotion such as the maturation of organs, integration of the autonomic and central nervous systems, age and gender-related changes in autonomic reactivity, and development of inhibitory control. Summarized are main findings relevant to psychophysiology of emotions in preschool and early school-age children and suggested are most perspective directions of their integration in the framework of modern theories of emotion.