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Complementary therapies in nursing. Implications for practice using aromatherapy as an example.

Abstract

This paper explores the use of aromatherapy within nursing. Beliefs and values which may influence nursing are explored and how these frequently parallel the philosophies that influence complementary therapies. Organisational and professional factors which may influence the use of aromatherapy are considered. The development of policies to guide aromatherapy practice plus identifying the most appropriate person to undertake this care is discussed. Justifying care is explored via the development of research based practice and the generation of appropriate knowledge to guide practice. Although the paper is based on aromatherapy many of the issues raised are relevant to other complementary therapies. Similarly, the word 'nurse' is used but the issues also relate to the practice of aromatherapy within midwifery and health visiting.

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BibTeXRIS

G R Johnson. 1995. Complementary therapies in nursing. Implications for practice using aromatherapy as an example.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1353-6117(05)80002-2

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Aromatherapy

Contact reactions to fragrances.

BACKGROUND: The most common reaction to fragrances is contact dermatitis, a delayed hypersensitivity reaction; however, other reactions include immediate contact reactions (contact urticaria) and photo-allergic reactions. Fragrance mix (FM) and balsam of Peru (BP) are used to screen for fragrance allergy. OBJECTIVE: To study the different types of allergic skin reactions to fragrance compounds. METHODS: Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to FM and BP were studied in 4,975 patients with suspected contact dermatitis by routine patch testing interpreted at 48 and 96 hours. In 664 of the patients, patch tests were read at 30 minutes to evaluate for immediate (wheal-and-flare) contact reactions and again at 48 and 96 hours. Photopatch tests to FM were performed in 111 patients with suspected photo-allergic dermatitis. RESULTS: Delayed contact reactions to FM occurred in 6.6% of females and 5.4% of males and to BP in 3.9% of females and 4.1% of males. Analysis of data over time (12 study years) showed an increased trend for reactions to fragrances, particularly in males. Sensitivity to other contact allergens (polysensitivity) was found in 62% of patients and polysensitivity presented more often with generalized contact dermatitis. The most sensitizing components of the fragrance mix that were tested in 38 patients were cinnamic alcohol, oak moss, and cinnamic aldehyde. There were 112 immediate patch test reactions to FM and 113 to BP in 664 patients. Immediate contact reactions were followed by delayed contact reactions in 13.4% of patients for FM and 8.8% for BP, representing a significant increase in the frequency of delayed contact reactions. Patients with immediate contact reactions to fragrances did not have a higher incidence of atopy (25.9%). No cases of positive photopatch test reactions to FM were seen. CONCLUSION: Fragrances commonly cause both delayed and immediate patch test reactions and patients with immediate contact reactions have an increase in delayed contact reactions to the same allergen.

Aromatherapy