PubMed · 9516304
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1998. A cautious comeback for thalidomide.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9516304/
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Carbadox was administered by gavage once daily to pregnant rats at doses of 0 (control), 10, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg on days 8 through 15 of pregnancy. The dams were killed on day 21 and the number of implantation sites, resorptions and live fetuses were counted. A significant dose-related decrease in maternal body weight gains during treatment (days 8 through 15 of pregnancy) occurred at doses of 10 mg/kg and above. There was a dose-related decrease in fetal body weights which was statistically significant at 25 mg/kg and above. This compound showed not only embryolethal but teratogenic effect. Resorption rates were 81.8% at 100 mg/kg, occurring complete resorptions in five dams, compared with 3.4% resorption rate in the control. In fetal examinations, a significant increase in the incidence of external, skeletal and internal malformations occurred at 100 mg/kg, where the surviving fetuses born to dams with 40-93% resorptions had any malformations, short tail; kinky tail; brachygnathia or ectrodactyly.
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between nitrazepam, medazepam, tofisopam, alprazolum and clonazepam treatments during pregnancy and prevalence of different congenital abnormalities (CAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A matched case-control study using cases with CAs and population controls from the dataset of the nationwide Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA), 1980-1996. RESULTS: Of 38,151 pregnant women who had babies without any defects (population control group), 75 (0.20%) were treated with these five benzodiazepines during pregnancy. Of 22,865 pregnant women who delivered offspring with CAs, 57 (0.25%) had benzodiazepine treatment. The occurrence of five benzodiazepine treatments during the second and third months of gestation, i.e. in the critical period for most major CAs did not show significant differences in matched case-control pairs. CONCLUSION: Treatment with five benzodiazepines studied during pregnancy did not present detectable teratogenic risk to the fetus in humans but the amount of information was limited for different CAs.
Previous findings of the EUROHAZCON study showed a 33% increase in risk of non-chromosomal anomalies near hazardous waste landfill sites. Here, we studied 245 cases of chromosomal anomalies and 2412 controls who lived near 23 such sites in Europe. After adjustment for confounding by maternal age and socioeconomic status, we noted a higher risk of chromosomal anomalies in people who lived close to sites (0-3 km) than in those who lived further away (3-7 km; odds ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.00-1.99). Our results suggest an increase in risk of chromosomal anomalies similar to that found for non-chromosomal anomalies.