PubMed · 957137
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R M Azzam. 1976. Two-reflection null ellipsometer without a compensator.. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735%2F9%2F7%2F017
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Multiple pixel, frequency domain measurements of phase shift, theta, and modulation, m, in a phantom containing an absorber obscured by a relatively non-absorbing scattering solution are presented in combination with a theory of photon migration imaging. Results employing a single point source show that two dimensional theta measurements made in the presence (theta presence) and in the absence (theta absence) of an absorber can be used to create delta theta images. delta theta (theta absence-theta presence) images can be used to detect as well as locate the three dimensional position of the absorber. Images of mpresence measured in the presence of the absorber normalized by mabsence also provided detection and two dimensional location of its position. Images of % mpresence/mabsence at higher modulation frequencies provided greater resolution as predicted by photon migration theory. Neither theta nor m images alone could be used to detect or locate the presence of the absorber.
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We investigated the effect of daylength (from 9 to 15 hours) and cultivation temperature (from about 13 to 25 degrees C) on flower bud differentiation of three strains of Papaver somniferum L. cv. Ikkanshu, which have been cultivated in Nayoro (Hokkaido), Tsukuba (Central Honshu) and Nagasaki (Kyushu) for the last a few decades. 1. The experiment on the effect of daylength on flowering revealed that the longer the photoperiod was, the earlier flowering occurred. 2. Flower bud differentiation was observed at temperatures of 20 degrees C or less but never at 25 degrees C, and it was more quickly induced at lower temperatures. Furthermore, we also found that the optimum temperature for flower bud development following differentiation was 20 degrees C. From these findings, we reached the conclusion that this species has thermosensitivity. 3. Flower bud differentiation clearly occurred later in the Nayoro strain than in the Nagasaki strain or the Tsukuba strain. This seems to indicate that the Nayoro strain is a different ecological type from other strains. 4. When we compared the size and dry weight of the capsules, which are known to be closely related to opium yield, the capsules of the Nagasaki and Tsukuba strains were considerably smaller and lighter than those of the Nayoro strain. This is attributable to the fact that flower bud differentiation occurred at an early stage before the achievement of sufficient vegetative growth in the Nagasaki and Tsukuba strains.