PubMed HealthSearch

PubMed · 9617074

Intermediate epithelium.

Abstract

In the nasopharynx, the larynx, the anal canal and the auditory tube, the "intermediate epithelium" occupied the transitional zone between the ciliated (or nonciliated) columnar epithelium and the stratified squamous one. The intermediate epithelium showed gradations ranging from stratified low-columnar through stratified cuboidal to stratified squamous type. It was suggested that the intermediate epithelium showed the various stages of the epithelium transforming from the columnar to the squamous epithelium, and that the basal cells of the columnar epithelium served as the germinal layer of the transformation.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

T Nakano. 1998. Intermediate epithelium.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9617074/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

[Effect of delivery on the anal sphincter].

SPHINCTER TEARS: Vaginal delivery can lead to tears in the anal sphincters. Total perineal distension following expulsion concerns less than 1% of all deliveries. Initially, sphincter tears generally go unnoticed although echographically detectable defects can be found in one-third of all primiparturients. The inner or outer sphincter may be involved alone or in combination as is seen in half of the cases. NEUROLOGICAL LESIONS: Moderate signs of incontinence (gas, urge) are frequently reversible although the long-term outcome remains unknown. In half of the cases, perineal denervation is secondary to stretch lesions of the pudendal nerve terminasions. FAVORING FACTORS: Primiparity, forceps delivery, fetal macrosomy, and certain presentations (breech, occipitoposterior) may favor sphincter lesions. DIAGNOSIS: A complete examination of the posterior perineum is required with anorectal manometry, a perineal electrophysiologic study, and a transanal ultrasound study whenever function signs are found at the post partum follow-up. TREATMENT: The therapeutic strategy is guided by the exploration results. In case of symptomatic rupture of the external sphincter, sphicteroplasty is needed followed by functional rehabilitation therapy with biofeedback. Women who have suffered traumatic lesions of the posterior perineum should be carefully followed for signs of secondary incontinence. Cesarean section may be indicated as a preventive measure in case of a new pregnancy.

Anal Canal

[Review of the literature on advantages and disadvantages: episiotomy: only limited protection against ruptures--time for a revision?].

A review of the literature on the pros and cons of episiotomy suggests that it should be used restrictively. Although there is a general agreement that episiotomy is protective against anterior perineal tears, no evidence has been found to support the belief that it is protective against anal sphincter muscle tears, pelvic muscle damage or urinary incontinence in the parturient or intracranial haemorrhage or intrapartum asphyxia in the newborn. Women undergoing episiotomy are characterised by greater blood loss in conjunction with delivery, and there is a risk of improper wound healing and increased pain during the early puerperium. The prevalence of episiotomy in Sweden has been declining over the past 20 years, and is now approximately five per cent among multiparae and fifteen per cent among primiparae.

Anal Canal