PubMed · 9625249
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J W Davies. 1998. Recent references.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-4179(98)90065-1
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BACKGROUND: Burn injuries trigger complex immune responses and gene expression changes, impacting wound healing and systemic inflammation. Understanding these changes is crucial for identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS: We analyzed two gene expression omnibus datasets (wound tissue [GSE8056] and blood [GSE37069]) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in burn injury samples versus controls. Immune cell proportions were assessed using CIBERSORT. Functional enrichment analyses (Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to identify key genes and pathways. RESULTS: We identified 1170 upregulated and 1227 downregulated DEGs. Gene Ontology analysis revealed enrichment in neutrophil activation, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix organization. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis highlighted cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant changes in neutrophils, macrophages (M1/M2), and T-cell subsets. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified five hub genes: JUN, STAT1, Bcl2, MMP9, and TLR2. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of gene expression and immune responses in burn injuries. The identified DEGs, hub genes, and pathways offer insights into the immune response mechanisms and suggest potential targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in burn injury management.
Optimization for headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was studied with a view to performing gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) screening of volatile hydrocarbons (VHCs) in blood. Twenty hydrocarbons comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons ranging from n-hexane to n-tridecane, and aromatic hydrocarbons ranging from benzene to trimethylbenzenes were used in this study. This method can be used for examining a burned body to ascertain whether the victim had been alive or not when the burning incident took place. n-Hexane, n-heptane and benzene, the main indicators of gasoline components, were found as detectable peaks through the use of cryogenic oven trapping upon SPME injection into a GC-MS instrument. The optimal screening procedure was performed as follows. The analytes in the headspace of 0.2 g of blood mixed with 0.8 ml of water plus 0.2 microg of toluene-d8 at -5 degrees C were adsorbed to a 100-microm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber for 30 min, and measured using the full-mass-scanning GC-MS method. The lower detection limits of all the compounds were 0.01 microg per 1 g of blood. Linearities (r2) within the range 0.01 to 4 microg per 1 g of blood were only obtained for the aromatic hydrocarbons at between 0.9638 (pseudocumene) and 0.9994 (toluene), but not for aliphatic hydrocarbons at between 0.9392 (n-tridecane) and 0.9935 (n-hexane). The coefficients of variation at 0.2 microg/g were less than 8.6% (n-undecane). In conclusion, this method is feasible for the screening of volatile hydrocarbons from blood in forensic medicine.
Two young children who suffered from thermal injuries to the epiglottis after swallowing corrosive agent and hot water respectively. Findings, clinically and radiologically, in both children were similar to acute infectious epiglottitis. Both recovered quickly with close observation and parenteral antibiotics. Although Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the major pathogen of epiglottitis, in areas with low incidence of Hib infection and high vaccination rates, non-infectious epiglottic swelling should be considered first.