PubMed · 9653377
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B Denison. [Therapeutic touch].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9653377/
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UNLABELLED: Since the publication of the original Symptom Management Model (Larson et al. 1994), faculty and students at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Nursing Centre for System Management have tested this model in research studies and expanded the model through collegial discussions and seminars. AIM: In this paper, we describe the evidence-based revised conceptual model, the three dimensions of the model, and the areas where further research is needed. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: The experience of symptoms, minor to severe, prompts millions of patients to visit their healthcare providers each year. Symptoms not only create distress, but also disrupt social functioning. The management of symptoms and their resulting outcomes often become the responsibility of the patient and his or her family members. Healthcare providers have difficulty developing symptom management strategies that can be applied across acute and home-care settings because few models of symptom management have been tested empirically. To date, the majority of research on symptoms was directed toward studying a single symptom, such as pain or fatigue, or toward evaluating associated symptoms, such as depression and sleep disturbance. While this approach has advanced our understanding of some symptoms, we offer a generic symptom management model to provide direction for selecting clinical interventions, informing research, and bridging an array of symptoms associated with a variety of diseases and conditions. Finally, a broadly-based symptom management model allows the integration of science from other fields.
Massage therapy and reflexology are manual therapeutic approaches used to facilitate healing and health and can be used by nurses in almost any setting. Information about massage therapy and reflexology is shared for the purpose of creating awareness about healing modalities and encouraging the use of basic techniques of these manual therapies. A review of a case study illustrates the safe and effective use of massage therapy and reflexology and familiarizes the nurse with the components of assessment and hands-on practice. Holistic nursing principles related to massage therapy and reflexology are woven throughout the text.
Dawson's reply to 'spirituality as integrative energy', particularly his objection to the appropriation of energy as a conceptual descriptor, demonstrates a woefully inaccurate and grossly misleading interpretation of my work. The purpose of this response is to challenge Dawson's assertion that such reformulation effectively strips spirituality of its historical meaning and to provide evidence of its appropriateness. I briefly consider the precepts underlying holism as a moral imperative for professional nursing, the traditional role of spirituality in health and illness, the rise of medical science and its eventual disjunction from metaphysics, and the his torical evolution of nursing. I also comment on the privileged nature of the nurse-client relationship and the social and moral obligation of nurses to engage in holistic practice. Finally, I suggest that the reconceptualization of spirituality as 'integrative energy' represents its dynamic, unifying nature and reassert my contention that 'integrative energy' is an entirely appropriate and eminently suitable definition of spirituality.