PubMed · 9686434
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D F Levinson, H Coon. 1998. Chromosome 22 workshop.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00041444-199800820-00016
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Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica, a subdioecious plant inhabiting the cold desert of the Indian Himalaya, has gained immense recognition for its nutritional and medicinal values. In recent years, the plant species has proven to be a suitable system to understand the evolution of dioecy. Despite its biological significance, the cytogenetics of this dioecious plant is unclear due to various conflicting accounts of its X-Y chromosome system, particularly the length of Y-chromosome. In this study, we resolved these ambiguities through comprehensive cytogenetic analyses across diverse western Himalayan populations. Using morphometric analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a gender-specific marker (HRMSSR), we confirmed homomorphic XX chromosomes in females and heteromorphic sex-chromosomes in males with a notably smaller Y-chromosome. The investigation also revealed a predominant somatic chromosome number of 2n = 24, although minor deviations (2n = 18, 20, 22) appeared at the seed level. These findings highlight an evolutionarily advanced sex-chromosome system. This first detailed cytogenetic investigation of Himalayan Seabuckthorn provides critical insights into the chromosomal architecture, laying a crucial foundation for future evolutionary, genomic, and conservation studies in the species.
Segregation analysis of CEPH and other pedigrees yielded six paternal crossover breakpoints in the approximately 85 kb interval between the minisatellite loci D16S309 (MS205) and D16S83 (EKMDA2) in 16p13.3. Three crossovers were mapped to within the same small (<3 kb) interval, which does not co-localize with any tandem repeat array or expressed sequence. Haplotyping of loci harbouring single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in this interval confirmed the exchange of flanking markers in the three recombinant individuals. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of recombination-associated motifs and binding sites for the protein translin. Haplotyping of 108 individuals from three European populations at four loci harbouring SNPs showed substantial linkage equilibrium across this interval. Hence molecular and population genetic data are consistent with the presence of an intense male-specific recombination hotspot at this locus.
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