["Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome"].

C Wolf

Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 9757486

["Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome"].

C Wolf

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) has been described as an acquired multiple organ disease typically characterized by central nervous irritative and/or gastrointestinal symptoms. Advocates of this suspected syndrome attribute these disorders to overstressing of the organism caused by exposure to external noxae. Opponents of the theory of MCS attribute all the symptoms to classical conditioning or other psychopathological processes. In so far as controlled data exist, there is no indication of a toxic or immunological cause for this syndrome.

Explore related subjects

Conditioning, Classical Diagnosis, Differential Environmental Exposure Humans Multiple Chemical Sensitivity English Abstract Journal Article Review

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

C Wolf. 1998-08-15. ["Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome"].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9757486/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2006

On No-KR tests in motor learning, retention and transfer.

In this paper we examine the role of no-knowledge of results (KR) tests in motor learning, retention and transfer. A distinction is drawn between studies of KR and studies of other issues in motor learning that use a No-KR test. Arguments are presented against the currently received position that a No-KR test is an essential protocol to examine motor learning, although a No-KR test is most relevant in the few contexts where the outcome information is not naturally available. Perspectives are provided on the limited though proper role of No-KR tests in motor learning, retention and transfer and these are illustrated through experimental examples. It is proposed that the current restrictive interpretation of KR as only augmented outcome information is narrowing not only the context of KR research but also the study of motor learning in general.

Conditioning, Classical↗

PubMed2006

Spatial coding in two dimensions.

There has been growing interest in exploring human performance for situations in which stimuli and/or responses vary along both horizontal and vertical dimensions. Earlier studies indicated that there is a prevalence of the horizontal dimension over the vertical dimension in the spatial codes that are used for response selection. We review evidence about spatial coding for 2-D stimulus-response sets and accounts that have been proposed for explaining how it takes place. Particular attention is devoted to the relative salience account, which provides the most comprehensive explanation of 2-D spatial coding. We also evaluate the influence of speed of spatial code formation, number of reference frames, and learning on subjects' performance in 2-D tasks.

Conditioning, Classical↗

PubMed2005

Demonstration of cue recruitment: change in visual appearance by means of Pavlovian conditioning.

Until half a century ago, associative learning played a fundamental role in theories of perceptual appearance [Berkeley, G. (1709) An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision (Dublin), 1st Ed.]. But starting in 1955 [Gibson, J. J. & Gibson, E. J. (1955) Psychol. Rev. 62, 32-41], most studies of perceptual learning have not been concerned with association or appearance but rather with improvements in discrimination ability. Here we describe a "cue recruitment" experiment, which is a straightforward adaptation of Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, that we used to measure changes in visual appearance caused by exposure to novel pairings of signals in visual stimuli. Trainees viewed movies of a rotating wire-frame (Necker) cube. This stimulus is perceptually bistable. On training trials, depth cues (stereo and occlusion) were added to force the perceived direction of rotation. Critically, an additional signal was also added, contingent on rotation direction. Stimuli on test trials contained the new signal but not the depth cues. Over 45 min, two of the three new signals that we tested acquired the ability to bias perceived rotation direction on their own. Results were consistent across the eight trainees in each experiment, and the new cue's effectiveness was long lasting. Whereas most adaptation aftereffects on appearance are opposite in direction to the training stimuli, these effects were positive. An individual new signal can be recruited by the visual system as a cue for the construction of visual appearance. Cue recruitment experiments may prove useful for reexamining of the role of experience in perception.

Conditioning, Classical↗