PubMed · 9823200
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
M Williams. Driving force.. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.12.50.18.s33
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
The proverbial relative risk may not always be the most suitable measure to compare the risk of two exposures, since it inherently includes a background effect. An alternative comparative measure, the relative excess risk, is introduced. It applies to situations in which an "unexposed" reference group is included in addition to the two exposures under evaluation. This comparative measure is based solely on the component of risk due to the exposures, since it removes the background risk. Estimators of the relative excess risk are presented, along with formulas for the confidence intervals under cohort and case-control designs, using both crude and adjusted rate ratios. This new measure is illustrated with data from epidemiologic studies of the risks of oral contraceptives and antidiabetic drugs.
Dogs and children riding in the cargo area of pickup trucks are common sights on our nation's highways, country roads, and small town streets. This scene brings to mind idyllic childhoods filled with summer days spent bouncing down roads in the back of grandpa's pickup truck, wind catching the laughter from children's throats. For hundreds of families each year, this activity is the cause of heartache, traumatic injuries, and senseless deaths. More than 200 people die each year, half of whom are younger than 18 years of age, as a direct result of falls from cargo areas of pickup trucks. Injuries and deaths resulting from riding in cargo areas of pickup trucks are not limited to humans. In a recent survey, 71% of veterinarians reported treating dogs for injuries sustained by falling or jumping from cargo areas of pickup trucks. This percentage does not take into account countless dogs that were killed and not treated. Injuries and deaths resulting from riding in cargo areas of pickup trucks are preventable. Whereas it may take millions of dollars and many years to cure diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and AIDS, pickup truck-associated deaths can be prevented simply by educating the public to not allow children and pets to ride in cargo areas. The primary objective of "Four legs or two: Up front with you" is to educate the public on the risks involved with travel in the cargo areas of pickup trucks. Making people aware that children and pets are not cargo is the first step toward decreasing senseless injuries and deaths.
Citalopram was found in 92 autopsy cases and 27 cases from living persons and the concentrations are described. A range of 6.2-19 mumol/kg whole blood was found in cases where citalopram alone was the cause of death and a range of 1.9-16 mumol/kg whole blood in cases, where citalopram together with other compounds were considered to be the cause of death. In autopsy cases toxic concentrations were in the range 1.2-2.8 mumol/kg whole blood and concentrations between 0:09 and 1.9 mumol/kg were considered therapeutic. In cases from living persons the citalopram concentrations in whole blood were 0.06-0.9 mumol/kg.