PubMed Health⌕ Search

PubMed · 9916300

Gradient elution electrochromatography with a flow-injection analysis interface.

Abstract

A flow-injection analysis-capillary electrochromatography interface is used for gradient elution capillary electrochromatography giving purely electroosmotic flow through the analytical column. Solvent gradients were generated with a micro-LC system connected to the interface. Injections were carried out on-line using an inert rotary LC valve controlled by an electric actuator. Gradient shape was measured from acetonitrile (5% acetone)-water (50:50, v/v) to (100:0) in open tubular experiments. When compared to conventional instrumentation, peak tailing and peak width increased slightly using the interface. A test mixture of nine solutes was evaluated in isocratic and gradient elution modes. Using the interface, a gradient of MeCN-water (60:40) to (90:10) provided baseline separation of all nine solutes in under 18 min with good band spacing. Reproducibility of retention times in eight replicate injections was found to be better than 2% R.S.D. for all solutes. This interface also allows use of autoinjectors and dramatically lessens movement of the packed column, improving column lifetime.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

A S Lister, C A Rimmer, J G Dorsey. 1998-12-18. Gradient elution electrochromatography with a flow-injection analysis interface.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00682-7

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

Metabolite profiling of sesquiterpene lactones from Lactuca species. Major latex components are novel oxalate and sulfate conjugates of lactucin and its derivatives.

Wounding leaves or stems of Lactuca species releases a milky latex onto the plant surface. We have examined the constituents of latex from Lactuca sativa (lettuce) cv. Diana. The major components were shown to be novel 15-oxalyl and 8-sulfate conjugates of the guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones, lactucin, deoxylactucin, and lactucopicrin. The oxalates were unstable, reverting to the parent sesquiterpene lactone on hydrolysis. Oxalyl derivatives have been reported rarely from natural sources. The sulfates were stable and are the first reported sesquiterpene sulfates from plants. Unusual tannins based on 4-hydroxyphenylacetyl conjugates of glucose were also identified. Significant qualitative and quantitative variation was found in sesquiterpene lactone profiles in different lettuce varieties and in other Lactuca spp. The proportions of each conjugate in latex also changed depending on the stage of plant development. A similar profile was found in chicory, in which oxalyl conjugates were identified, but the 8-sulfate conjugates were notably absent. The presence of the constitutive sesquiterpene lactones was not correlated with resistance to pathogens but may have a significant bearing on the molecular basis of the bitter taste of lettuce and related species. The induced sesquiterpene lactone phytoalexin, lettucenin A, was found in the Lactuca spp. but not in chicory.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

Mechanism of inhibition of the class A beta -lactamases PC1 and TEM-1 by tazobactam. Observation of reaction products by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

The reactions of class A beta-lactamases PC1 and TEM-1 with tazobactam (TZB), a potent penicillanic sulfone inhibitor for class A beta-lactamases, were studied using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). Following inactivation of the beta-lactamases by TZB, new abundant high mass components were observed including three with molecular masses of 52, 70, and 88 Da greater than PC1 and TEM-1, respectively, and a component with a molecular mass of 300 Da greater than PC1. In addition, three TZB reaction products with molecular masses of 248, 264, and 280 Da were observed. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ESI/MS analysis of the TZB-PC1 adduct digested with Glu-C revealed three new components with masses 52, 70, and 88 Da greater than that of the peptide composed of amino acid residues 58-82 and one new component with a mass 70 Da greater than that of the peptide composed of amino acid residues 125-141. HPLC/ESI/MS/MS analysis of the two digested peptides whose masses increased by 70 Da indicated that Ser-70 and Ser-130 were the most likely TZB-modified amino acid residues. Based on these data, a mechanism for the inactivation of the class A beta-lactamases by TZB is proposed. In this scheme, initial acylation of Ser-70 by TZB and opening of the lactam ring are followed by one of several different events: (1) the rapid decomposition of TZB with loss of the enamine moiety to form the propiolylated enzyme, (2) an intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of the imine or enamine moiety by Ser-130 to form a cross-linked vinyl ether, and (3) hydrolysis of the imine or enamines to form a Ser-70-linked aldehyde.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

Towards structural determination of the water-splitting enzyme. Purification, crystallization, and preliminary crystallographic studies of photosystem II from a thermophilic cyanobacterium.

A photosystem II preparation from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, which is especially suitable for three-dimensional crystallization in a fully active form was developed. The efficient purification method applied here yielded 10 mg of protein of a homogenous dimeric complex of about 500 kDa within 2 days. Detailed characterization of the preparation demonstrated a fully active electron transport chain from the manganese cluster to plastoquinone in the Q(B) binding site. The oxygen-evolving activity, 5000-6000 micromol of O(2)/(h.mg of chlorophyll), was the highest so far reported and is maintained even at temperatures as high as 50 degrees C. The crystals obtained by the vapor diffusion method diffracted to a resolution of 4.3 A. The space group was determined to be P2(1)2(1)2(1) with four photosystem II dimers per unit cell. Analysis of the redissolved crystals revealed that activity, supramolecular organization, and subunit composition were maintained during crystallization.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗