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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Detection of membrane-bound enzymes in cells using immunoassay and Raman microspectroscopy.

The method of surface-enhanced Raman microspectroscopy was developed for direct detection of membrane-bound enzymes in cells. Cells were cultured, fixed, and incubated with specific primary antibodies and their corresponding labeled secondary antibodies, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was detected directly in the wells of a multiwell plate. First, specific primary antibodies were separately bound to enzymes in cells. Then, the peroxidase-labeled secondary antibodies were added to bind these primary antibodies. Peroxidase substrates, o-phenylenediamine and hydrogen peroxide, were added and reacted for 15 min at room temperature to form azoaniline, a compound with strong Raman scattering. Then, Raman scattering of this enzymatic product was enhanced by silver colloids. Samples were excited with a He/Ne laser at 632.8 nm and SERS was detected by a CCD camera. The SERS spectrum of this product showed an intense peak at 1370 cm-1 and its intensity was used for assessment of cellular enzymes. The observed amount of enzyme was normalized to protein content in each well. The method was successfully used to detect prostaglandin H synthase-1 and -2 (PGHS-1 and -2) in normal human hepatocytes and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. The detection limit of these PGHS enzymes by this method was about 0.1 pg per well. An immunohistochemical staining was also used to detect the expression of both PGHS isozymes in these cells.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed2001

Mapping a heparin binding site on ErbB-3 epidermal growth factor receptor.

Signaling via the ErbB-family of receptors plays an important role in mammalian development and oncogenesis. Here we show that the ErbB-3 receptor, but not other members of this receptor family, binds to immobilized heparin and can be dissociated only at a high ionic strength comparable to that required for fibroblast growth factor receptors. Competition-binding analysis suggests that this interaction is specific and requires highly sulfated species of heparan sulfate. Primary sequence analysis of ErbB-3 identified a basic amino acid cluster (466)KHNRPRR(472) localized to the proximal, cysteine-rich extracellular ligand binding domain of the receptor, with charge density and distribution compatible with, but different to, known linear heparin binding motifs. Site-directed mutagenesis, replacing this sequence with the corresponding residues from ErbB-1, resulted in complete loss of heparin binding activity of the chimeric receptor. Finally, antibodies directed to the putative heparin binding peptide, efficiently bind the native receptor suggesting a novel target for blocking heparin mediated ErbB-3 interactions.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Liposarcoma of the renal capsule in a 7 year old girl.

An unusual case is reported of a liposarcoma of the renal capsule in a 7 year old girl. Initial radiological studies revealed a fatty tumor related to the lower pole of the kidney. Selective renal angiography located the tumor to renal capsule and demonstrated its malignant nature.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Effects of upper dorsal sympathectomy on esophageal motility in humans.

To evaluate the role of the sympathetic nervous system in modulating esophageal motility, esophageal manometry was performed on two groups of patients who underwent upper dorsal sympathectomy for relief of palmar hyperhydrosis. In six patients sympathectomy was done by the supraclavicular approach, with removal of T2 and T3 ganglia. Manometry was performed before the operation and three weeks after it. In seven other patients sympathectomy was done by the axillary approach, with removal of T2-T4 ganglia. Manometry in this group was performed 28.4 +/- 22.4 months after the operation. Fifteen individuals with an intact sympathetic system served as controls. Manometric parameters evaluated were esophageal contraction amplitude and duration and lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The difference between the results obtained in the pre- and postoperative periods in the first group was not statistically significant. The differences between the two patient groups and between the patient groups and the control group were not statistically significant either. We conclude that upper dorsal sympathectomy does not affect esophageal motility in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Laser Doppler flowmetry in lower extremity ischemia: application and interpretation.

The present study was undertaken in order to develop numerical criteria for the parameters of laser Doppler flowmetry-skin blood flow velocity and pulse wave amplitude in the evaluation of lower extremity ischemia. Fifty limbs of young healthy volunteers were examined in order to obtain baseline normal values. Patient population was divided into moderately ischemic (52 limbs) and severely ischemic (22 limbs), based on patients' complaints, physical examination, ankle-brachial indices, pulse volume recordings and arteriographies. Univariate comparison between the three groups of skin blood flow velocity and pulse wave amplitude at each time point were done by analysis of variance. Power of discrimination between degrees of ischemia was evaluated by computing sensitivity and specificity, based on skin blood flow velocity and pulse wave amplitude values at time points best for predicting the severity of disease by multiple regression analysis. Using cutoff points of < 31 for skin blood flow velocity and < 9 for pulse wave amplitude, a 96% sensitivity and 96% specificity were obtained in separating normal from ischemic limbs. Cutoff points of < 9 for skin blood flow velocity and < 4 for pulse wave amplitude discriminated with a 100% sensitivity and specificity between the moderately and severely ischemic limbs. We propose the use of laser Doppler flowmetry with local heating and reactive hyperemia, and the cutoff points stated above as an additional tool to evaluate lower extremity ischemia through assessment of cutaneous microcirculation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Further delineation of the acrocallosal syndrome.

The acrocallosal syndrome (ACS) was recognized by Schinzel in 1979 as a specific entity, characterized by the association of craniofacial anomalies, total or partial agenesis of corpus callosum, polysyndactyly and mental retardation. The inheritance is autosomal recessive, based on instances of recurrence in siblings and cousins and parental consanguinity. A large inbred kindred with recurrent ACS is presented. This family further strengthens the hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance for this syndrome. The array of clinical manifestations in this sibship and those previously reported exemplify the phenomenon of inter- and intrafamilial variability that must be considered when defining ACS. Based on a review of published reports and the present family, essential, additional and occasional findings are distinguished. Attention is drawn to geographical clustering of the families.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2001

Early reoperation for perirectal abscess: a preventable complication.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze failures in the operative management of perirectal abscesses resulting in early reoperation. METHODS: This was a retrospective case study of 500 consecutive patients who underwent 627 drainage procedures for a perirectal abscess. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients (7.6 percent of all drainage procedures) required reoperation within ten days of the original procedure. The main factors leading to reoperation were incomplete drainage (23 patients), missed loculations within a drained abscess (15 patients), missed abscesses (4 patients), and postoperative bleeding (3 patients). Incomplete drainage was more common with simple perirectal abscesses, whereas most overlooked collections were located posteriorly. Horseshoe abscesses were associated with a particularly high rate (50 percent) of operative failures. Neither preexisting perianal pathology nor systemic immunosuppressive disease contributed to early failures. CONCLUSION: Surgical errors are the leading cause of early failures in the surgical treatment of perianal abscesses. These errors occur in a limited number of typical patterns and can therefore be identified and taught with an aim to decrease their occurrence.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immediate complications and late sequelae of arterial catheterization in children with congenital heart disease.

Early vascular complications and late sequelae are reported in relation to 195 left heart catheterizations, 125 performed by brachial arteriotomy (BA), and 70 by percutaneous femoral artery puncture (FAP) with the Seldinger technique. Vascular complications occurred in 25 patients, 11 requiring surgical intervention, which was successful in restoring normal circulation in all. The rate of complications was higher after FAP in children 6 years old or less, while after BA the rate was significantly higher in patients of 2 years or older. In patients under 2 years, brachial artery suture repair resulted in more complications than ligation, but the cases were not randomized. Late follow-up of 101 catheterizations (35 FAP, and 66 BA, of which 38 were ligated and 28 sutured) included clinical evaluation, Doppler pressure measurements, and a comparison of the length and bone development of the catheterized and non-catheterized limbs. All these have indicated an absence of any serious late sequelae in this group 6 months to 9 years (average 4 years) after catheterization.

Arteries↗
PubMed1985

Distribution and symmetry of arteriosclerotic lesions of the lower extremities: an arteriographic study of 200 limbs.

Lower-extremity arteriograms of 100 candidates for vascular surgery were reviewed. All the arteries in the 200 limbs were visualized and graded as normal, irregular, stenotic, or occluded. The occurrence of hemodynamically significant disease (stenosis or occlusion) was markedly different in various arteries: iliac--37%, common femoral--9%, superficial femoral--58%, deep femoral--19%, popliteal--17.5%, tibialis anterior--27.5%, tibialis posterior--28.5%, and peroneal--16.5%. A remarkable symmetry was observed between the two lower limbs. In 53-76% of contralateral vessels the arteriographic picture was identical. When one degree of difference in arteriosclerotic involvement was allowed, the symmetry increased to 80-96%.

Angiography↗
PubMed1994

Usefulness of late potentials on the immediate postoperative signal-averaged electrocardiogram in predicting ventricular tachyarrhythmias early after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.

The present study was undertaken to determine the value of abnormal late ventricular potentials on signal-averaged electrocardiograms (ECG) in identifying patients at risk of developing ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in the early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting. Signal-averaged ECGs were recorded immediately after operation in 72 patients. Abnormal late potentials were defined as the presence of 2 or 3 of the following: (1) root-mean-square amplitude of the last 40 ms of the QRS < 20 microV; (2) duration of the terminal QRS potentials (after 40 microV) > or = 39 ms; and (3) high-frequency QRS duration > 120 ms (in patients with conduction defects, only the first 2 criteria were used). Abnormal late ventricular potentials were present on the immediate postoperative signal-averaged ECG in 26 of the 72 patients (36%). Life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred in 6 patients. Late potentials were present in all 6 patients, but only in 20 of 66 (30%) who did not develop ventricular tachyarrhythmias (p < 0.005) (sensitivity 100%, specificity 70%, predictive accuracy 72%). Of 12 pre- and perioperative variables examined by univariate and multivariate regression analysis, the presence of late potentials on the signal-averaged ECG and low cardiac output postoperatively were found to be independent predictors of life-threatening tachyarrhythmias.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Short-term cycles in human fetal activity. I. Normal pregnancies.

Recordings of fetal motor activity in utero were carried out on 17 women with normal pregnancies at 23 to 37 weeks' gestation. Fetal motility was monitored by a method based on integrative EMG recordings derived through electrodes attached to maternal abdominal surface. Orthogonal spectral analysis revealed 40 minute and 80 minute cycles in fetal motility in 59% of the fetuses. The correlation between objective and subjective (maternal self-assessment) scores of fetal activity was generally confirmed. Methods of monitoring fetal activity, based on short-term recordings, are criticized in the light of the present results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Hemorrhagic complications encountered on a surgical service. A 7 year survey.

An analysis of 205 episodes of bleeding encountered during a 7 year period by the staff of a surgical service has been described. Of 168 postoperative bleeding episodes, 80 were associated with anticoagulant or antiaggregant treatment, 51 were caused by technical error, and 37 were associated with sepsis. Of 18 hemorrhages after invasive procedures, 12 were associated with anticoagulants. In the whole series, in 33 of 111 episodes in patients receiving antithrombotic drugs, there was some deviation from standard accepted protocols. Bleeding occurred in the surgical wound or at the site of operation or puncture in 154 instances. Some of the bleeding episodes, especially at other sites, presented in an unusual manner and posed a diagnostic problem. Bleeding was responsible for death or contributed to death in 11 patients, and in 32 patients, it caused operation or reoperation. Other short- and long-term morbidity was also caused. As in many complications, prevention is of the essence.

Adult↗