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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Plasma endothelin in patients with acute aortic disease.

PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND: We investigated the plasma levels of endothelin 1/2 in patients with acute symptoms relating to a known or newly diagnosed aortic aneurysm in order to investigate the possible role of peptides in the development of the disease. METHODS: Endothelin 1/2 plasma levels were determined in patients admitted to the emergency unit with suspected acute aortic disease. The history, type of aneurysm, outcome and laboratory findings were determined and compared to endothelin 1/2 levels collected on admission. RESULTS: In patients with ruptured aneurysm (n=27) or acute aortic dissection (n=18) the endothelin 1/2 median levels were higher 1.1 (25th and 75th quartile 0.7, 1.7) fmol/ml than in patients (n=20) with pre-existing aneurysm 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) fmol/ml (P=0.013). Patients who died had significantly higher endothelin levels 1.3 (0.8, 1.9) fmol/ml than the survivors 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) fmol/ml (P=0.04). In a logistic regression analysis, only a higher blood pressure on admission was an independent predictor of survival. CONCLUSION: Endothelin 1/2 levels are elevated in patients with acute dissection or ruptured aneurysm, but they are not an independent predictor of survival.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Endoluminal stenting of the aorta as treatment of aortoesophageal fistula due to primary aortic disease.

A 78-year-old woman with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was admitted to the emergency room with hematemesis. With use of esophagoscopy, chest computed tomographic scanning, and aortography, we found a large descending aortic aneurysm and a penetrating ulcer of the proximal descending aorta. We determined that the patient had an aortoesophageal fistula and pseudoaneurysm that had originated from a ruptured penetrating ulcer of the mid-descending aorta. We deployed two 100-mm stent grafts to seal the ruptured thoracic aorta. Six months later, the pseudoaneurysm was almost completely resolved, with no infection or endoleak. We advocate the use of endoluminal aortic stenting for aortoesophageal fistulas of aortic origin, particularly in patients with severe concomitant disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Aortic valve disease.

AORTIC STENOSIS Clinical suspicion of significant aortic stenosis even in the presence of a normal chest X-ray and electrocardiogram should lead to careful 2-D echocardiographic examination. The lesion can be adjudged mild and the subject probably certificated if the recording shows normal septal and posterior wall thickness, normal left ventricular dimensions and fractional shortening and a valve opening greater than 15 mm. In cases of doubt or where technically satisfactory echocardiograms are unobtainable, cardiac catheterization is likely to be mandatory. For unrestricted certification the peak systolic gradient across the valve should be less than 20 mmHg and the LV end-diastolic pressure less than 12 mmHg at rest, and both must remain within these limits on exercise to three times resting oxygen consumption. AORTIC REGURGITATION Any abnormality of electrocardiogram at rest or on exercise, or of the chest X-ray, any increase in left ventricular dimensions on echocardiography, a diastolic pressure below 65 mmHg and/or pulse pressure greater than 55 mmHg is likely to lead to cardiac catheterization. For full certification any angiographic regurgitation should be trivial.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Relation of decreased ankle-brachial index to prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors, coronary artery disease, aortic valve calcium, and mitral annular calcium.

Coronary artery disease was present in 89 of 118 patients (75%) with a decreased ankle-brachial index (ABI) and in 34 of 118 age- and gender-matched patients (29%) with a normal ABI (p <0.001). Aortic valve calcium or mitral annular calcium was present in 81 of 118 patients (69%) with a decreased ABI and in 43 of 118 patients (36%) with a normal ABI (p <0.001).

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Three-vessel coronary artery disease, aortic stenosis, and constrictive pericarditis 27 years after chest radiation therapy: a case report.

A patient with a history of Hodgkin's lymphoma presented with recurrent left pleural effusions and dyspnea on exertion 27 years after radiation therapy. Further evaluation disclosed suspected radiation-induced constrictive pericarditis, aortic stenosis and regurgitation, and severe coronary artery disease. He underwent successful 3-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement, and pericardiectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Contrasting patterns of spontaneous aortic disease in young and old rabbits.

The pattern of spontaneous lipid deposition around aortic branch ostia was mapped in New Zealand White rabbits aged 1 month or 2 to 6 years. The young rabbits were studied within 1 day of weaning, and the older rabbits had been maintained on a low-protein, low-fat diet. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol for the two groups averaged 75 and 18 mg/dL, respectively. Aortas were fixed in situ at a pressure of 90 to 100 cm H2O, stained with oil red O, and photographed en face under an epifluorescence microscope. Areas of staining contrasted in color with the fixative-stimulated autofluorescence of nondiseased tissue and were mapped by placing grids over the photomicrographs. Disease around intercostal ostia was rare, but two distributions were established by combining data from many branches. In weanlings, staining was seen within a triangular area downstream of the branch. In old animals, this area had the lowest frequency of disease; lesions tended to occur downstream of the spared region, along axes lying to either side of it, and at the lateral and upstream margins of the ostium. Disease was less rare at celiac branches. It occurred mainly downstream of the ostium in weanlings, whereas upstream sites were most affected in old animals, although significant disease remained at the juvenile locations. Earlier reports have described similar age-related distributions of disease in human aortas, consistent with a common underlying mechanism. The distributions also correlate with the spatial variations in arterial transport properties established in previous studies, and may be determined by them.

Aging↗