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PubMedDate not supplied

Automation of laboratory instrumentation--recent achievements in the Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology.

An automated system consisting of an SPF-500 spectrofluorometer interfaced to a Felix-M18 microcomputer was provided with a series of additional accessories benefitting from the inputs and outputs through the interface. An adequate set of programs for computer-controlled operations was developed. The system has allowed the performance of more than 15,000 absorption, emission and light scattering determinations. The role of interfacing to low cost computers in the automation of presently available laboratory instrumentation is discussed.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2000

[Building bridges toward the 21st century].

Just as Rome was not built in a day, there are few great inventions and discoveries that can be made overnight. There are always historical circumstances behind them. Laboratory Automation is not an exception. With the end of World War II in 1945 as a turning point, a large volume of American medicine was introduced all over Japan, and clinical laboratory testing which was imported at the same time has taken root and matured. As a result, we can now carry out prompt and fully automated laboratory testing second to none at many hospital laboratories. In this paper, I recall the development and summarize the expansion by focusing on clinical laboratory automation as it has developed in the latter half of the 20th century in Japan. I would feel amply rewarded for my efforts if this paper proved helpful to the young generation. The clinical laboratory of the 21st century rests on their shoulders.

Automation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Univariate tolerance regions for fibrinogen, antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin in children using the new Automated Coagulation Laboratory (ACL) method.

To avoid misclassification of lowered or enhanced coagulation proteins in childhood the purpose of this study was to establish functional normal ranges for healthy children aged 6 months to 16 years. PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin were tested using the new Automated Coagulation Laboratory (ACL) method. Values for PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin were closely comparable in all children although we found a minimum range of 61% in children aged 8 to 16 years in plasma concentrations of alpha 2-antiplasmin. Children < 2.5 years showed reduced lower boundaries encompassing 95% of the population for protein C and protein S activity, although medians for protein S activity were similar in all children. The rapid and automatic determination of functional coagulation proteins using chromogenic substrates on the ACL 300 (25-50 microliters citrated plasma/test) renders the possibility to realize a screening program for inherited thrombotic syndromes in a routine laboratory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[An automated biochemical laboratory. Prospective development].

A new Biolab information and computing system is intended for data processing from automated equipment for biochemical laboratory analysis; it is integrated with other subsystems of a large medical information system of a multidiscipline hospital. In technological characteristics and information volume processed the Biolab subsystem is much superior to the previous Laboratoriya subsystem.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1981

Automation of laboratory data for hospital patients.

Computer schemes for a large automated serology service and for tissue typing and organ transplantation which are in operation in Birmingham, England, are described. Each scheme is self-contained and compact, and has been in successful operation for several years.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Perspectives on the use of chemometrics in laboratory medicine.

Today's automated laboratory instruments are capable of generating prodigious volumes of high-quality measurements. Increasingly, the powerful mathematical and statistical methods of chemometrics are being called upon to help reduce these measurements to useful information. Chemometric methods have been important in automating various data-intensive functions of the clinical laboratory, including analysis of cellular images, identification of bacteria and fungi on the basis of their metabolic and chemical properties, and identification of drugs and toxic substances from their mass spectra. These methods also appear promising in aiding both the selection and interpretation of laboratory tests for diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis. In spite of the demonstrated potential of these methods, significant problems remain to be solved in the areas of measurement standardization, data-base collection, and user familiarity with these approaches before chemometric methods can be used most fully by the clinical laboratory.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2003

Good preclinical bioanalytical chemistry requires proper sampling from laboratory animals: automation of blood and microdialysis sampling improves the productivity of LC/MSMS.

The preclinical bioanalytical process with animal models begins with sampling biological fluids and tissue. The goal is to understand oral absorption kinetics, distribution, metabolism, excretion, blood brain barrier penetration, drug-drug interactions, and the influences on biomarkers, hematology, electrophysiology, cardiology, blood pressure and behavior. An overview is obtained by periodic blood sampling of 8-12 samples over a total time span of 10-24 h. Urine, feces, bile and microdialysates can augment the information available from whole blood. In today's preclinical environment, the majority of samples are processed by LC/MSMS augmented by robotic sample preparation tools. These tools save labor and improve precision for smaller volume/lower concentration samples. Our laboratories have been engaged in a project that is focused on improving both the quality and throughput for laboratory animal studies, while providing for reduced numbers of animals and enhanced animal comfort. We have implemented a robotic system that can accomplish most of the above goals for laboratory rats, dogs and primates. Studies with mice are at an earlier stage, but feasibility has been demonstrated. This presentation is a progress report on this evolving research program in cooperation with multiple pharmaceutical and drug development companies. We will illustrate results and discuss future directions.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Automated transport and sorting system in a large reference laboratory: part 1. Evaluation of needs and alternatives and development of a plan.

BACKGROUND: Our laboratory, a large, commercial, esoteric reference laboratory, sought some form of total laboratory automation to keep pace with rapid growth of specimen volumes as well as to meet competitive demands for cost reduction and improved turnaround time. METHODS: We conducted a systematic evaluation of our needs, which led to the development of a plan to implement an automated transport and sorting system. We systematically analyzed and studied our specimen containers, test submission requirements and temperatures, and the workflow and movement of people, specimens, and information throughout the laboratory. We performed an intricate timing study that identified bottlenecks in our manual handling processes. We also evaluated various automation options. RESULTS: The automation alternative viewed to best meet our needs was a transport and sorting system from MDS AutoLab. Our comprehensive plan also included a new standardized transport tube; a centralized automated core laboratory for higher volume tests; a new "automation-friendly" software system for order entry, tracking, and process control; a complete reengineering of our order-entry, handling, and tracking processes; and remodeling of our laboratory facility and specimen processing area. CONCLUSIONS: The scope of this project and its potential impact on overall laboratory operations and performance justified the extensive time we invested (nearly 4 years) in a systematic approach to the evaluation, design, and planning of this project.

Automation↗
PubMed1987

Value and application of automation in laboratory diagnosis of haemostatic disorders.

There is a bewildering variety of instrumentation available for automation of coagulation procedures. The advantages and draw-backs of the most widely-used types are discussed to help the prospective purchaser to decide the most suitable instrument for his needs. Operator satisfaction is of considerable importance. Anticoagulated plasmas give shorter clotting times on many instruments as compared with the manual method which may necessitate an extrapolation curve or change of therapeutic range. An instrument, carefully selected, can increase the throughput of samples and improve the overall accuracy and precision of results.

Automation↗
PubMed2003

Automated, laboratory-based system using the Internet for disease outbreak detection, the Netherlands.

Rapid detection of outbreaks is recognized as crucial for effective control measures and has particular relevance with the recently increased concern about bioterrorism. Automated analysis of electronically collected laboratory data can result in rapid detection of widespread outbreaks or outbreaks of pathogens with common signs and symptoms. In the Netherlands, an automated outbreak detection system for all types of pathogens has been developed within an existing electronic laboratory-based surveillance system called ISIS. Features include the use of a flexible algorithm for daily analysis of data and presentation of signals on the Internet for interpretation by health professionals. By 2006, the outbreak detection system will analyze laboratory-reported data on all pathogens and will cover 35% of the Dutch population.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Automation of laboratory testing for infectious diseases using the polymerase chain reaction-- our past, our present, our future.

While it is an extremely powerful and versatile assay method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be a labor-intensive process. Since the advent of commercial test kits from Roche and the semi-automated microwell Amplicor system, PCR has become an increasingly useful and widespread clinical tool. However, more widespread acceptance of molecular testing will depend upon automation that allows molecular assays to enter the routine clinical laboratory. The forces driving the need for automated PCR are the requirements for diagnosis and treatment of chronic viral diseases, economic pressures to develop more automated and less expensive test procedures similar to those in the clinical chemistry laboratories, and a shortage in many areas of qualified laboratory personnel trained in the types of manual procedures used in past decades. The automated Roche COBAS AMPLICOR system has automated the amplification and detection process. Specimen preparation remains the most labor-intensive part of the PCR testing process, accounting for the majority of the hands-on-time in most of the assays. A new automated specimen preparation system, the COBAS AmpliPrep, was evaluated. The system automatically releases the target nucleic acid, captures the target with specific oligonucleotide probes, which become attached to magnetic beads via a biotin-streptavidin binding reaction. Once attached to the beads, the target is purified and concentrated automatically. Results of 298 qualitative and 57 quantitative samples representing a wide range of virus concentrations analyzed after the COBAS AmpliPrep and manual specimen preparation methods, showed that there was no significant difference in qualitative or quantitative hepatitis C virus (HCV) assay performance, respectively. The AmpliPrep instrument decreased the time required to prepare serum or plasma samples for HCV PCR to under 1 min per sample. This was a decrease of 76% compared to the manual specimen preparation method. Systems that can analyze more samples with higher throughput and that can answer more questions about the nature of the microbes that we can presently only detect and quantitate will be needed in the future.

Hepacivirus↗