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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Antioxidative activity of carp blood plasma on lipid peroxidation.

Antioxidative activity of carp blood plasma was estimated by measuring hydroperoxides formed by liposome peroxidation during the exposure of liposomes to AAPH. Ascorbic acid of high concentration, uric acid of low content, and tocopherol formed special protective system against lipid poroxidation in fish plasma. The decrease of uric acid, ascorbic acid, and tocopherol showed synergism of ascorbic acid and tocopherol, uric acid, and tocopherol. Carp blood plasma with a low concentration of protein (about 2%) and SH groups (88 microM) had a great effect on the antioxidative activity, as the effects of ascorbic acid, uric acid, and tocopherol were dramatically extended. Dialysed carp protein also displayed a very strong antioxidative activity on lipid peroxidation of a multilayer liposome system.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Analysis of detomidine in horse blood, plasma and urine samples utilizing a sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method.

Chemical ionization- and electron impact ionization-selective ion monitoring provided a simple and sensitive method for measuring detomidine (Domosedan), a potent sedative-analgesic drug for horses and cattle. Chemical ionization was at least 10 times more sensitive than electron impact ionization. By using propranolol as an internal standard, we found that the recovery of detomidine from the extraction procedure used in this study was greater than 75% for plasma, whole blood, or urine samples. Approximately 68% of detomidine was bound to plasma protein and 53% was bound to red blood cells.

Analgesics↗

PubMed1999

[The effect of an antioxidant preparation based on bioflavonoids and vitamin C on the antioxidant activity of blood plasma].

The effect of single and long-term reception of the antioxidant preparation Magnum C (MC) on blood plasma antioxidant activity (AOA) of volunteers has been investigated. AOA was measured with chemiluminescence test using the hemoglobin-hydrogen peroxide-luminol system. MC contains ethereal form of vitamin C and bioflavonoids as the basic antioxidant components. It was determined that blood plasma AOA was increased on the average by 36% (p < 0.01) 3 hours after single intake of 4 capsules of MC. In case of long-term reception of MC (1 capsule twice in day during 4 weeks) the greatest increase in the blood plasma AOA was about 60% (p < 0.001) and was observed on the 14th day. On the 7th day after completion of MC reception the level of blood plasma AOA was, approximately, 20% above its initial value (p < 0.05). This is probably due to prolonged action of MC.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Effect of gestational age on cord blood plasma copper, zinc, magnesium and albumin.

BACKGROUND: The transport of essential trace elements from mother to fetus varies throughout gestation, and the role of transport proteins in the neonate and the mother may change during pregnancy. Magnesium, often used as tocolytic agent, may reach the fetus and appear in cord blood at higher than normal concentrations. AIMS: To determine cord blood plasma zinc, copper and magnesium concentrations, as well as plasma albumin in premature and full-term newborns, and correlate these values with those of maternal blood plasma at birth. Also, to examine whether cord blood plasma concentration of these elements varies with gestational age. SUBJECTS: The 35 mother-infant pairs included: 11 in the 38-42-week gestational age (GA), 9 in the 34-37-week GA, 11 in the 29-33-week GA group and 4 in the 24-28-week GA. Magnesium for tocolysis was given to five of the mothers in the 29-33-week GA cohort and two of the women giving birth at 24-28-week GA. RESULTS: Trend analysis showed that while cord plasma zinc decreased with GA at birth, the reverse was observed for copper. There were no differences with GA either in maternal plasma zinc or copper. However, maternal ceruloplasmin tended to decrease with GA (P=0.0174). Maternal and cord blood plasma magnesium exhibited a strong correlation (r=0.942, P<0.001), as well as between cord plasma magnesium and zinc (r=0.448, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: While the vigorous mother-to-fetus uphill zinc transfer is clear throughout the last trimester, copper remains in cord blood plasma at much lower concentrations than in the mother, suggesting that prematurity may place the newborn infant at a greater risk than the term infant to copper deficiency. This situation, together with a reduced synthesis in the fetus of the transport protein ceruloplasmin, creates another potential challenge in the nutritional support of the premature infant.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The behavior of growth-influencing and steroid hormones in the blood plasma during pregnancy of Awassi sheep in Syria].

In 11 Awassi ewes of a flock of 30 animals continuous investigations were carried out on the changes of somatogenic (growth hormone-GH, prolactin-PRL, insulin-like growth factor I-IGF-I) and steroid hormones (progesterone--PG, estradiol-17 beta-E2) in blood plasma during a gestation period. Eight animals were pregnant (3 with twins), 3 non-pregnant ewes served as control animals. Pregnancy is associated with an increase in the concentrations of the steroid hormones in blood plasma, they decrease markedly already prepartal (PG) or directly at term (E2), reflecting the placental origin of both hormones. Ewes with twins have higher concentrations of both steroid hormones in their blood plasma than animals with a single fetus. During pregnancy the concentrations of IGF-I in blood plasma increase continuously and normalize rapidly after birth. The relationship between the duration of the pregnancy and the concentration of IGF-I can be described by a quadratic regression, further positive correlations exist between the concentrations of IGF-I and PG or E2 in blood plasma, but a negative correlation between IGF-I and PRL. The concentration of PRL diminishes during the gestation, which reflects increasing seasonal influences (decreasing day length and environmental temperature). The concentration of GH shows a steady level throughout the gestation period. Both hormones increase markedly at term, which represents an attendant circumstance of the birth. From all hormones investigated in blood plasma of the ewes only the concentration of IGF-I exhibits a strong positive correlation with the birth weight of their lambs. This can be taken as a first hint to the ability of IGF-I to promote directly the fetal growth.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[The content of Hb in blood and proteins, Fe, Fe-binding capacity, Cu and Zn in the blood plasma of sows and their piglets at the time of birth, after the uptake of colostrum and with different Fe supply].

Keeping of piglets on slatted metal floor, without complementary iron supply, caused anaemia within seven days from parturition. Hb levels in the blood dropped from 7.00 +/- 1.16 to 3.47 +/- 0.74 mmol/l. Iron deficit reduced growth and vitality. The iron levels in blood plasma of the piglets tested varied between 5 and 35 mumol/l, immediately after parturition. Intraperitoneal or oral administration of Fe-dextran (150 mg Fe) on the first day after parturition resulted in physiological iron levels in blood plasma, after seven days. Yet, when 14 days had passed, the levels were similar to those recorded from piglets without additional iron supply. Iron bonding capacity of blood plasma increased in piglets of all groups up to the seventh day from birth. Death occurred, on the second day of age, to many piglets with protein levels below 50 g/l plasma. Copper levels in blood plasma of newborn piglets were below those recordable from sows, but they went up by more than three times of their original values up to the seventh day from birth. In piglets, zinc, levels of blood plasma after parturition were higher than those of sows and went up by some 50 percent, within seven days from birth.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Relationship between the quality of dietary proteins and the functional status of the adrenal cortex. Variations in the content of transcortion, free corticosterone and total corticosterone in the blood plasma of rats fed with proteins of various quality].

Growing male Wistar rats were used to test in which way variations in the quality of dietary proteins (10% absorbable crude protein; casein supplemented with 4% methionine (K); casein/gelatine (1 : 3); maize gluten supplemented with 4 amino acids; and maize gluten) influenced the binding capacity of blood plasma for corticosterone, and the concentration of corticosteroid-binding globulin ("CBG"), total corticosterone, free corticosterone and albumin-bound corticosterone in blood plasma. The binding capacity of the blood plasma for corticosterone and the total concentration of corticosterone, CBG, free corticosterone and albumin-bound corticosterone were found to rise with the improving quality of the dietary proteins (r = 0.830). A close correlation was found to exist between the concentration of total corticosterone in the blood plasma and CBG. Increases in the total concentration of corticosterone in blood plasma are, in 84% of all cases, brought about by increases in CBG concentrations. In conclusion, reference is made to the significance which such results may have for the control of regulatory processes.

Adrenal Cortex↗

PubMed1984

[Microelement concentration in the blood plasma, erythrocytes and hair of patients with coronary disease with risk factors].

The effect of risk factors contributing to coronary heart disease (CHD) on the trace element levels in the blood plasma, blood red cells and hair was studied in 250 CHD patients and in the control group. CHD without risk factors was associated with significantly higher plasma levels of zinc, manganese and copper, while copper concentrations in the hair were significantly lower than in control. The positive correlation between the manganese content in the red cells and hair in the control group was not true for the CHD patients. Manganese levels were found to be directly correlated with low density lipoproteins and inversely correlated with high density lipoproteins. Plasma zinc levels and erythrocyte calcium concentrations in CHD patients with risk factors were significantly lower than in CHD patients without risk factors.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Effects of storage time and temperature on ionized calcium concentration in equine blood, plasma, and serum.

Stability of ionized calcium (Ca2+) concentrations and pH values in equine venous samples (n = 12 in each group) stored at 4 C for 3, 9, 24, and 48 hours (blood, plasma, and serum) or for 240 hours (plasma and serum), and at -20 C for 240 hours (plasma and serum), was studied. Storage of equine blood, plasma, and serum samples at 4 C for up to 48 hours and of serum samples at 4 C for up to 240 hours, despite appreciable pH changes, was associated with < 1.5% change in blood, plasma, and serum Ca2+ concentrations. Therefore, Ca2+ concentration in equine blood, plasma, and serum samples stored up to 48 hours and in serum samples stored up to 240 hours at 4 C is of diagnostic use.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Alterations in the cyclase system of skeletal muscles and in the content of cyclic nucleotides in blood plasma of rats after the administration of caffeine].

Concentration of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates was increased both in rat skeletal muscles and in blood plasma after enteral administration of caffeine. A decrease in content of cAMP and cGMP down to the initial level coincided with the activation of phosphodiesterase in skeletal muscles. A direct correlation was found between the alteration in cyclic nucleotides content in skeletal muscles and in blood plasma. Muscle tissue might serve as one of the main sources of cyclic nucleotides in blood plasma. The rate of alterations in concentration of blood plasma cyclic nucleotides was not apparently limited by their penetration across the cell membranes.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

PubMed1983

High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative analysis of a synthetic copolymer with antitumor activity (copovithane) and methylamine in human blood plasma and urine.

A method for the determination of a synthetic polymeric compound with antitumor activity (copovithane) and methylamine in blood plasma and urine is described. Copovithane is prepared by radical polymerisation of a diurethane with N-vinylpyrrolidone. The method is based on high-performance liquid chromatography of the methylamine hydrochloride which arises during the hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of the parent substance. The methylamine hydrochloride is converted to the trinitrobenzenesulphonyl derivative for the purpose of chromatographic detection. The limit of determination for copovithane in blood plasma is 1.2 mg/l and in urine 1.5 mg/day. The determination limit for methylamine in blood plasma is 0.2 mg/l and in urine 0.3 mg/day. The imprecision is dependent on the sample, and amounts to +/- 6.8% for blood plasma and +/- 6.4% for urine.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1995

750 MHz 1H and 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma.

High-resolution 750 MHz 1H NMR spectra of control human blood plasma have been measured and assigned by the concerted use of a range of spin-echo, two-dimensional J-resolved, and homonuclear and heteronuclear (1H-13C) correlation methods. The increased spectral dispersion and sensitivity at 750 MHz enable the assignment of numerous 1H and 13C resonances from many molecular species that cannot be detected at lower frequencies. This work presents the most comprehensive assignment of the 1H NMR spectra of blood plasma yet achieved and includes the assignment of signals from 43 low M(r) metabolites, including many with complex or strongly coupled spin systems. New assignments are also provided from the 1H and 13C NMR signals from several important macromolecular species in whole blood plasma, i.e., very-low-density, low-density, and high-density lipoproteins, albumin, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The temperature dependence of the one-dimensional and spin-echo 750 MHz 1H NMR spectra of plasma was investigated over the range 292-310 K. The 1H NMR signals from the fatty acyl side chains of the lipoproteins increased substantially with temperature (hence also molecular mobility), with a disproportionate increase from lipids in low-density lipoprotein. Two-dimensional 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence spectroscopy at 292 and 310 K allowed both the direct detection of cholesterol and choline species bound in high-density lipoprotein and the assignment of their signals and confirmed the assignment of most of the lipoprotein resonances.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[Pathogenesis of arterial hypertension with a low renin activity in the blood plasma].

The possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying arterial hypertension with low activity of renin in blood plasma are discussed. The peculiarities of some of its forms marked by normal or increased blood plasma aldosterone content are considered. Criteria for distinguishing a subgroup of patients with hypertensive disease marked by low blood plasma renin activity and for the differentiation of patients with primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism are substantiated.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative characteristics of the lipid composition of lipoproteins of the blood plasma and ascitic fluid in liver cirrhosis].

Comparison of phospholipid content in different fractions of lipoproteins of the ascitic fluid and blood plasma showed selective accumulation of high density lipoproteins (HDLP) in the ascitic fluid. The ascitic fluid HDLP differed from blood plasma HDLP in a larger fraction of triglycerides and cholesterol oleate. No significant difference was revealed in the lipoprotein (LP) low density lipid spectrum in the two fluids. The very low density LP (VLDLP) of the ascitic fluid differed from blood plasma VLDLP by higher ratios of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (sphingomyelin and PC) unesterified cholesterol; the PC in VLDLP of the ascitic fluid had a relatively higher content of linoleic and oleic acids. It is suggested that the detected differences are associated with dynamic insufficiency of lymph drainage in portal hypertension, as the result of which LP of intestinal genesis, spreading in the interstitium of the wall of the small intestine, enter the abdominal cavity by bypassing the blood plasma.

Ascitic Fluid↗

PubMed2001

Ellipsometric in vitro studies on blood plasma and serum adsorption to zirconium.

Ellipsometry/antibody techniques were used to study the adsorption of heparinized human blood plasma and serum onto spontaneously oxidized zirconium, and a colorimetric assay measured the formation of kallikrein by the surface in citrated plasma. After 10 min incubation in the blood plasma the protein film thickness was approximately 4.2 nm, and the film bound polyclonal antibodies mainly against high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and fibrinogen. After 5 or 60 min of incubations in whole normal or EGTA sera, antibodies against complement factor 3 (C3) and complement factor 3d (C3d) deposited to the surface. Factor H and complement factor 1q (C1q) were detected similarly after 1 and 5 min of incubation in 1-10% normal serum in veronal buffer, respectively. The indications are that upon contact with blood plasma, zirconium activates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and is opsonized with C3. The failure to detect properdin and transient presence of factor H at the surface suggest that complement binds to zirconium although the activation becomes quickly down-regulated.

Adsorption↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diminished protection against copper-induced lipid peroxidation by cord blood plasma of preterm and term infants.

BACKGROUND: Blood plasma of neonates is less able to inhibit iron induced lipid peroxidation than plasma of older patients. Copper, also a powerful pro-oxidant, may accumulate in ill babies because of excess intake or decreased excretion. We assessed in vitro the ability of plasma of neonates to inhibit copper induced peroxidation damage. METHODS: Peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes, induced by CuCl2, was measured with a thiobarbituric acid assay. The ability of plasma from venous blood of adults and cord blood of babies to inhibit peroxidation was compared. The levels of the copper binding plasma proteins, albumin and ceruloplasmin, were also measured. RESULTS: Protection against copper induced lipid peroxidation was much higher with adult plasma compared to neonatal plasma. Despite their lower albumin and ceruloplasma levels the protection by the plasma of preterm babies was higher than that of the term babies. CONCLUSIONS: At birth, babies have a limited ability to inhibit copper induced oxidative damage in vitro. Postnatal studies are needing to assess the influence of maturation and nutrition on these findings and their relevance in diseases induced by reactive oxygen species.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

The potential of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the simultaneous determination of trace elements in whole blood, plasma and serum.

The advantages accruing to biochemical and clinical investigations from a method that allows the simultaneous quantification (RSD < or = 10%) of many elements in blood, plasma, and serum at concentrations equal to one-hundredth of the lower limits of the normal ranges are undeniable. The suitability of inductively coupled argon plasma low-resolution quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), a simultaneous method with low detection limits, is evaluated for the quantification of inorganic constituents in whole blood, plasma, and serum with consideration of the dilution associated with the mineralization of the samples, of isobaric and polyatomic interferences and of normal ranges. Of the 3 bulk elements, the 3 major electrolytes, the 15 essential elements, the 8 toxic elements, the 4 therapeutic elements, and the 14 elements of potential interest (total of 47 elements) only 7 elements (Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Rb, Sr, Zn) can be simultaneously quantified under these rigorous conditions in serum and only 8 elements (additional element Pb) in whole blood. Quantification of elements in the Seronorm Standards "Whole Blood" and "Serum" showed, that this list of simultaneously determinable elements in these matrices is reasonable. Although this list is disappointingly short, the number of elements determinable simultaneously by ICP-MS is still larger than that by ICP-AES or GFAAS. Improved detectors, more efficient nebulizers, avoidance of interferences, better instrument design, and high-resolution mass spectrometers promise to increase the number of elements that can be determined simultaneously.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

Blood plasma concentrations of microelements in endurance trained volunteers during hypokinesia and chronic hyperhydration.

The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of a daily intake of fluid and salt supplementation (FSS) in preventing the development of changes in blood plasma concentrations of microelements that occur during prolonged restriction of muscular activity (hypokinesia). The studies were performed on 30 endurance trained male volunteers aged 23-26 yr with an average maximum oxygen uptake 64 mL/kg/min during 364 d of hypokinesia (HK). They were divided into three equal groups: Ten volunteers were placed continuously under an average of 10,000 running steps/d (control subjects), ten volunteers were subjected continuously to HK without the use of FSS (hypokinetic subjects), and ten volunteers were submitted continuously to HK and consumed daily FSS in very small divided doses (hyperhydrated subjects). For the simulation of the hypokinetic effect, the hypokinetic and hyperhydrated endurance trained male volunteers were kept continuously under an average of 3000 walking steps/d for 364 d. Prior to their exposure to HK, all volunteers were on an average of 10,000 running steps/p d. During the prehypokinetic period of 60 d and during the hypokinetic period of 364 d were determined the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, manganese, lead, iron, copper, tin, nickel, zinc, and cobalamine in blood plasma of endurance trained volunteers. During the hypokinetic period blood plasma concentrations of microelements decreased in hyperhydrated volunteers, whereas in hypokinetic volunteers increased significantly. The differences between the hyperhydrated and hypokinetic volunteers were significant with respect to their concentrations of microelements in blood plasma. It was concluded that chronic hyperhydration may be used to normalized blood plasma concentrations of microelements in endurance trained volunteers during prolonged restriction of muscular activity.

Adult↗