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Results for “Behavior Therapy”

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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Intensive behavioral therapy for primary enuresis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of intensive behavioral therapy on Saudi children with primary enuresis. METHODS: Twenty-six children, aged 6-14-years, presented with complains of bed wetting during a 12-months period from January 2001 through to January 2002, ArAr Central Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were studied in an interventional, non-randomized trial without control. After complete verbal autopsy, physical examination and laboratory investigation, they were offered intensive behavioral therapy. They were evaluated for response, regularity, esteem and recurrence of enuresis. RESULTS: Mean age of the study group was 9.6-years (SD = +/- 2.6) and boys were affected almost twice of girls (P<0.05). Family history, social history and school performance did not show any significant (P>0.05) association with enuresis. Sixty point five percent were regular and out of those 27.9% never missed any visits. 91.7% were completely dry out of regular patients. There was 75% success rate in those, who visited 4-8 times while 25% in those, who visited 1-3 times. Ninety-six percent of the parents and 80.7% of the children were fully satisfied with this therapy. Socio-economic status seems to play a significant (P<0.05) role in regularity of follow up and response to behavioral therapy. CONCLUSION: This result shows an excellent response to intensive behavioral therapy in primary enuresis if the follow up is regular.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain in the elderly.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy has become a common nonpharmacologic treatment option for individuals experiencing chronic nonmalignant pain. This article begins with an overview of the cognitive-behavioral perspective on pain and pain management. The second section discusses relevant developmental issues and suggests refinements to cognitive-behavioral therapy for the elderly, followed by a case example describing the implementation of cognitive-behavioral therapy for an elderly gentleman in an ambulatory care setting. The details of assessment, treatment conceptualization and planning, intervention, and follow-up are explored in this context. This article concludes with suggestions for future refinements in the application of this approach in the management of chronic pain in the elderly.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Cognitive behavior therapy in the posthospitalization treatment of anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: This study provides what the authors believe is the first empirical evaluation of cognitive behavior therapy as a posthospitalization treatment for anorexia nervosa in adults. METHOD: After hospitalization, 33 patients with DSM-IV anorexia nervosa were randomly assigned to 1 year of outpatient cognitive behavior therapy or nutritional counseling. RESULTS: The group receiving nutritional counseling relapsed significantly earlier and at a higher rate than the group receiving cognitive behavior therapy (53% versus 22%). The overall treatment failure rate (relapse and dropping out combined) was significantly lower for cognitive behavior therapy (22%) than for nutritional counseling (73%). The criteria for "good outcome" were met by significantly more of the patients receiving cognitive behavior therapy (44%) than nutritional counseling (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive behavior therapy was significantly more effective than nutritional counseling in improving outcome and preventing relapse. To the authors' knowledge, these data provide the first empirical documentation of the efficacy of any psychotherapy, and cognitive behavior therapy in particular, in posthospitalization care and relapse prevention of adult anorexia nervosa.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1973

Overview of NIMH support of research in behavior therapy.

Many parts of the National Institute of Mental Health have explicit policies of encouraging research on behavior therapy. The policies about behavior therapy research of sub-units of NIMH are reviewed, as these policies existed in fiscal year 1973. Examples are given of the type of behavior therapy research that NIMH was supporting in 1972. Particularly important is the evaluation of the efficacy of behavior therapy in comparison with standard treatment procedures.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1989

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for primary fibromyalgia.

The purpose of cognitive-behavioral therapy is to teach individuals the skills necessary to control pain and disability as well as to believe that they can successfully employ these skills. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been used successfully in patients with back pain and rheumatoid arthritis and represents a potentially effective intervention for patients with primary fibromyalgia. This article describes cognitive-behavioral treatment procedures, presents 2 experimental designs that may be used in randomized, controlled clinical trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy in patients with primary fibromyalgia and identifies the methodological features that should be included in the trials.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗

PubMed1973

Some generalization and follow-up measures on autistic children in behavior therapy.

We have treated 20 autistic children with behavior therapy. At intake, most of the children were severely disturbed, having symptoms indicating an extremely poor prognosis. The children were treated in separate groups, and some were treated more than once, allowing for within- and between-subject replications of treatment effects. We have employed reliable measures of generalization across situations and behaviors as well as across time (follow-up). The findings can be summarized as follows: (1) Inappropriate behaviors (self-stimulation and echolalia) decreased during treatment, and appropriate behaviors (appropriate speech, appropriate play, and social non-verbal behaviors) increased. (2) Spontaneous social interactions and the spontaneous use of language occurred about eight months into treatment for some of the children. (3) IQs and social quotients reflected improvement during treatment. (4) There were no exceptions to the improvement, however, some of the children improved more than others. (5) Follow-up measures recorded 1 to 4 yr after treatment showed that large differences between groups of children depended upon the post-treatment environment (those groups whose parents were trained to carry out behavior therapy continued to improve, while children who were institutionalized regressed). (6) A brief reinstatement of behavior therapy could temporarily re-establish some of the original therapeutic gains made by the children who were subsequently institutionalized.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Who does not get cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia when therapy is readily available?

OBJECTIVE: The evidence base for using cognitive-behavioral therapy in schizophrenia is well established; it is recommended in guidelines by the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team. METHODS: Data were examined regarding referral patterns for patients with schizophrenia who were seen by one of four psychiatrists at the mental health center providing services to West Southampton (England). RESULTS: Of the 142 patients identified, 69 had and 73 had not been referred for cognitive-behavioral therapy. Patients tended not to be referred if they were considered to be doing well and not in need of therapy or were unlikely to engage. CONCLUSIONS: In a location where cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia was readily available, half of all patients were considered appropriate for referral. Improved engagement skills and more assertive outreach by therapists and consideration by referrers of the benefits of relapse prevention might bring the benefits of cognitive-behavioral therapy to a still broader group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Medications versus cognitive behavior therapy for severely depressed outpatients: mega-analysis of four randomized comparisons.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the acute outcomes of antidepressant medication and cognitive behavior therapy in the severely depressed outpatient subgroups of four major randomized trials. A secondary objective was to compare the results obtained in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program, upon which treatment guidelines have been based, with those obtained in the other three studies. METHOD: Outcomes of antidepressant medication and cognitive behavior therapy were compared within each of the four studies separately and for patients aggregated across the four studies. In addition, the outcomes in the antidepressant medication and cognitive behavior therapy conditions of the Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program were compared with those obtained in the other three studies. RESULTS: The overall effect sizes comparing antidepressant medication to cognitive behavior therapy favored cognitive behavior therapy, but tests comparing the two modalities did not reveal a significant advantage for either modality overall. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive behavior therapy has fared as well as antidepressant medication with severely depressed outpatients in four major comparisons. Until findings emerge from current or future comparative trials, antidepressant medication should not be considered, on the basis of empirical evidence, to be superior to cognitive behavior therapy for the acute treatment of severely depressed outpatients.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

The efficacy of cognitive and behavior therapies for depression.

This selective overview looks at the effectiveness of behavior therapy, cognitive-behavior therapy, and cognitive therapy for depressive disorders. The outcome of single-case studies, comparative treatment projects with volunteers, and clinical trials with outpatients are used to evaluate the current state of the art and to suggest future research directions.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed2004

Rational emotive behavior therapy: disputing irrational philosophies.

This article provides an overview of the concepts and techniques of rational emotive behavior therapy to distinguish it from cognitive-behavioral therapy. Rational emotive behavior therapy proposes that psychological disturbance is largely created and maintained through irrational philosophies consisting of internal absolutistic demands. This therapy strives to produce sustained and profound cognitive, emotive, and behavioral change through active, vigorous disputation of underlying irrational philosophies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2004

Randomized clinical trial of supervised tapering and cognitive behavior therapy to facilitate benzodiazepine discontinuation in older adults with chronic insomnia.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a supervised benzodiazepine taper, singly and combined with cognitive behavior therapy, for benzodiazepine discontinuation in older adults with chronic insomnia. METHOD: Seventy-six older adult outpatients (38 women, 38 men; mean age of 62.5 years) with chronic insomnia and prolonged use (mean duration of 19.3 years) of benzodiazepine medication for sleep were randomly assigned for a 10-week intervention consisting of a supervised benzodiazepine withdrawal program (N=25), cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (N=24), or supervised withdrawal plus cognitive behavior therapy (N=27). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 3 and 12 months. The main outcome measures were benzodiazepine use, sleep parameters, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: All three interventions produced significant reductions in both the quantity (90% reduction) and frequency (80% reduction) of benzodiazepine use, and 63% of the patients were drug-free within an average of 7 weeks. More patients who received medication taper plus cognitive behavior therapy (85%) were benzodiazepine-free after the initial intervention, compared to those who received medication taper alone (48%) and cognitive behavior therapy alone (54%). The patients in the two groups that received cognitive behavior therapy perceived greater subjective sleep improvements than those who received medication taper alone. Polysomnographic data showed an increase in the amount of time spent in stages 3 and 4 sleep and REM sleep and a decrease in total sleep time across all three conditions from baseline to posttreatment. Initial benzodiazepine reductions were well maintained up to the 12-month follow-up, and sleep improvements became more noticeable over this period. No significant withdrawal symptoms or adverse events were associated with benzodiazepine tapering. CONCLUSIONS: A structured, time-limited intervention is effective in assisting chronic users of benzodiazepine medication to discontinue or reduce their use of medication. The addition of cognitive behavior therapy alleviates insomnia, but sleep improvements may become noticeable only after several months of benzodiazepine abstinence.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗

PubMed2005

Behavior therapy augments response of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder responding to drug treatment.

OBJECTIVE: In many patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), residual symptoms persist despite a clinically meaningful response. The objective of this study was to examine whether addition of behavior therapy would augment treatment outcome in these patients. METHOD: Ninety-six patients with DSM-IV OCD who had responded to 3 months of drug treatment were randomly assigned to either receive addition of behavior therapy or continue on drug treatment alone for 6 months. Patients who continued on drug treatment alone eventually received addition of behavior therapy for 6 months. Data were gathered from October 1998 to June 2002. RESULTS: OCD patients who received addition of behavior therapy showed a greater improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS] score change = -3.9 in the completers sample) than those who continued on drug treatment alone (Y-BOCS score change = +3.9 for completers). Significantly more patients who received addition of behavior therapy were in remission compared with those who continued on drug treatment alone (p < .0001 for completers). Patients who received behavior therapy after 6 months of drug treatment alone showed a nonsignificant decline in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Y-BOCS score change = -2.7 for completers); however, the remission rate found in this group was comparable to the remission rate found in the group of patients receiving addition of behavior therapy directly after responding to drug treatment. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that addition of behavior therapy is beneficial for patients who have responded to drug treatment. The data also suggest that the effect is greater when behavior therapy is added immediately after attainment of the drug response.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Behavior therapy in Sri Lanka.

The development of behavior therapy in Sri Lanka is presented. Its beginnings in the decade of the 70s in the two medical schools in Colombo and Peradeniya and its current status are reviewed, and future prospects are discussed. The need for developing and expanding behavior therapy practice in the country, and possible directions in training, are commented on.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Development of a computerized reference retrieval system: a behavior therapy training tool.

The vastness of the behavior therapy literature base often poses problems for beginning therapists who need greater familiarity with assessment and intervention literature. Hence a computerized reference retrieval system was developed for trainees to access behavior therapy references efficiently. The system contains over 1600 references from 158 problem categories and is economically competitive with commercial systems. Similar systems can be established using currently available microcomputer technology. The present system is primarily used by doctoral and masters students to assist in case conceptualizations and decision making during practicum courses.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1996

Behavioral therapy for obesity.

The research literature pertaining to behavior therapy for obesity is reviewed. Procedures used in behavioral treatment programs are described, and treatment outcome research is reviewed. During the past 30 years, average weight loss has increased, but the problem of regaining body weight following treatment has persisted. It was concluded that obesity should be treated as a chronic health problem and that behavior therapy may have an important role in assisting some obese persons to maintain weight loss if they are enrolled in very long-term treatment programs.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed2001

Cognitive behavioral therapy and fasting therapy for a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Cognitive behavioral therapy temporarily alleviated symptoms of a chronic fatigue syndrome patient but the anxiety about rehabilitation into work became stronger and his symptoms worsened. This patient was successfully rehabilitated by fasting therapy. Natural killer cell activity and serum acylcarnitine levels recovered after fasting therapy. Though fasting therapy transiently increased physical and mental subjective symptoms, the patient gained self-confidence by overcoming difficulties after fasting therapy. A combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and fasting therapy is promising as a treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

The effect of fluvoxamine and behavior therapy on children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of medications, consisting of serotonin partial and specific reuptake blockers, and behavior therapy, consisting of exposure and response prevention in addition to social skills training, cognitive therapy, and habit reversal, in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder are well documented. The purpose of the study was to explore if adding behavior therapy to medication would enhance treatment efficacy. METHODS: Ten children/adolescents who had not previously responded to behavior therapy were randomly assigned to two groups: fluvoxamine alone or fluvoxamine with behavior therapy. All 10 patients received fluvoxamine for 10 weeks-five continued solely on fluvoxamine for one year and five engaged in behavior therapy for 20 sessions along with fluvoxamine and then continued solely on medication until the end of the year. RESULTS: Eight of 10 patients improved significantly on fluvoxamine at week 10 on the primary outcome variable, the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). According to the other measurements-National Institute of Mental Health-Global Obses-sive-Compulsive Scale, Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (assessing level of im-provement from week to week), and Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness Scale (as-sessing how ill the patient is from week to week)-improvement was not as evident. According to the CY-BOCS, those who received a combination of fluvoxamine and exposure with response prevention showed significantly more improvement than those who only took medication. At two-year follow-up, all patients continued to improve, with those in the combined approach improving more than those in the medication-alone group. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should determine the specific effect of each treatment group, combined and singularly. Reasons for discrepancy in improvement ratings as noted by the different instruments are discussed. The addition of behavior therapy to fluvoxamine seems to enhance treatment efficacy, according to the CY-BOCS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Resistances to learning behavior therapy.

Resistance to learning about behavior therapy, due to role conflict, model conflict, and disparagement, remains high in the mental-health field despite growing interest in behavioral methods and mounting evidence of their efficacy. Effects of these resistances on training and factors that may mitigate their influence are discussed.

Behavior Therapy↗